ELK日志分析系统的搭建-创新互联
一、环境准备
1.安装java环境：
yum install java-1.8.0-openjdk* -y2.添加elk执行用户：
groupadd -g 77 elk useradd -u 77 -g elk -d /home/elk -s /bin/bash elk3.在 /etc/security/limits.conf 追加以下内容：
elk soft memlock unlimited elk hard memlock unlimited * soft nofile 65536 * hard nofile 1310724.执行生效
sysctl -p5.配置主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname monitor-elk echo "10.135.3.135 monitor-elk" >> /etc/hosts二、服务部署
1.服务端：
1）下载ELK相关的源码包：
wget "https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-5.2.2.tar.gz" wget "https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/logstash/logstash-5.2.2.tar.gz" wget "https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/kibana/kibana-5.2.2-linux-x86_64.tar.gz" wget "http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/kafka/0.10.2.0/kafka_2.12-0.10.2.0.tgz" wget "http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/zookeeper/zookeeper-3.4.9/zookeeper-3.4.9.tar.gz"2）创建elk目录，并将以上源码包解压至该目录：
mkdir /usr/local/elk mkdir -p /data/elasticsearch/ chown -R elk.elk /data/elasticsearch/ mkdir -p /data/{kafka,zookeeper} mv logstash-5.2.2 logstash && mv kibana-5.2.2-linux-x86_64 kibana && mv elasticsearch-5.2.2 elasticsearch && mv filebeat-5.2.2-linux-x86_64 filebeat && mv kafka_2.12-0.10.2.0 kafka && mv zookeeper-3.4.9 zookeeper chown -R elk.elk /usr/local/elk/程序目录列表如下：
3）修改以下程序的相应配置文件
①kibana：
[root@monitor-elk ~]# cat /usr/local/elk/kibana/config/kibana.yml |grep -v "^#\|^$" server.host: "localhost" elasticsearch.url: "http://localhost:9200" elasticsearch.requestTimeout: 30000 logging.dest: /data/elk/logs/kibana.log [root@monitor-elk ~]#②elasticsearch：
[root@monitor-elk ~]# cat /usr/local/elk/elasticsearch/config/elasticsearch.yml |grep -v "^#\|^$" node.name: node01 path.data: /data/elasticsearch/data path.logs: /data/elk/logs/elasticsearch bootstrap.memory_lock: true network.host: 127.0.0.1 http.port: 9200 [root@monitor-elk ~]# /usr/local/elk/elasticsearch/config/jvm.options #修改以下参数 -Xms1g -Xmx1g③logstash：
[root@monitor-elk ~]# cat /usr/local/elk/logstash/config/logs.ymlinput { #使用kafka的数据作为日志数据源 kafka { bootstrap_servers => ["127.0.0.1:9092"] topics => "beats" codec => json } } filter { #过滤数据，如果日志数据里面包含有该IP地址，将会被丢弃 if [message] =~ "123.151.4.10" { drop{} } # 转码，转成正常的url编码，如中文 # urldecode { # all_fields => true # } # nginx access #通过type来判断传入的日志类型 if [type] == "hongbao-nginx-access" or [type] == "pano-nginx-access" or [type] == "logstash-nginx-access" { grok { #指定自定义的grok表达式路径 patterns_dir => "./patterns" #指定自定义的正则表达式名称解析日志内容，拆分成各个字段 match => { "message" => "%{NGINXACCESS}" } #解析完毕后，移除默认的message字段 remove_field => ["message"] } #使用geoip库解析IP地址 geoip { #指定解析后的字段作为数据源 source => "clientip" fields => ["country_name", "ip", "region_name"] } date { #匹配日志内容里面的时间，如 05/Jun/2017:03:54:01 +0800 match => ["timestamp","dd/MMM/yyyy:HH:mm:ss Z"] #将匹配到的时间赋值给@timestamp字段 target => "@timestamp" remove_field => ["timestamp"] } } # tomcat access if [type] == "hongbao-tomcat-access" or [type] == "ljq-tomcat-access" { grok { patterns_dir => "./patterns" match => { "message" => "%{TOMCATACCESS}" } remove_field => ["message"] } geoip { source => "clientip" fields => ["country_name", "ip", "region_name"] } date { match => ["timestamp","dd/MMM/yyyy:HH:mm:ss Z"] target => "@timestamp" remove_field => ["timestamp"] } } # tomcat catalina if [type] == "hongbao-tomcat-catalina" { grok { match => { "message" => "^(?4）配置zookeeper：
cp /usr/local/elk/zookeeper/conf/zoo_sample.cfg /usr/local/elk/zookeeper/conf/zoo.cfg修改配置文件中的数据存储路径
vim /usr/local/elk/zookeeper/conf/zoo.cfg dataDir=/data/zookeeper备份并修改脚本 /usr/local/elk/zookeeper/bin/zkEnv.sh
修改以下变量的参数
备份并修改日志配置 /usr/local/elk/zookeeper/conf/log4j.properties
修改以下变量的参数
zookeeper.root.logger=INFO, ROLLINGFILE log4j.appender.ROLLINGFILE=org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender# 每天轮转日志启动zookeeper：
/usr/local/elk/zookeeper/bin/zkServer.sh start5）配置kafka：
修改配置文件 /usr/local/elk/kafka/config/server.properties 的以下参数
log.dirs=/data/kafka zookeeper.connect=localhost:2181备份并修改脚本 /usr/local/elk/kafka/bin/kafka-run-class.sh
在“base_dir=$(dirname $0)/.. ”的下一行追加LOG_DIR变量，并指定日志输出路径
创建日志存储目录：
mkdir -p /data/kafka-logs mkdir -p /data/elk/logs chown -R elk.elk /data/elk/logs启动kafka：
nohup /usr/local/elk/kafka/bin/kafka-server-start.sh /usr/local/elk/kafka/config/server.properties &>> /data/elk/logs/kafka.log &需要注意的是主机名一定要有配置在/etc/hosts文件中，否则kafka会无法启动
[root@monitor-elk ~]# cat /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 10.135.3.135 monitor-elk6）配置supervisor
①安装supervisor：
yum install supervisor -y设置服务开机自启动(server程序也会一起启动)：
systemctl enable supervisord.service②修改配置
a.创建日志存储路径：
mkdir -p /data/supervisor chown -R elk.elk /data/supervisor/b.修改主配置文件 /etc/supervisord.conf
logfile=/data/supervisor/supervisord.logc.创建elk程序对应的supervisor配置文件，并添加以下配置内容：
[root@monitor-elk ~]# cat /etc/supervisord.d/elk.ini [program:elasticsearch] directory=/usr/local/elk/elasticsearch command=su -c "/usr/local/elk/elasticsearch/bin/elasticsearch" elk autostart=true startsecs=5 autorestart=true startretries=3 priority=10 [program:logstash] directory=/usr/local/elk/logstash command=/usr/local/elk/logstash/bin/logstash -f /usr/local/elk/logstash/config/logs.yml user=elk autostart=true startsecs=5 autorestart=true startretries=3 redirect_stderr=true stdout_logfile=/data/elk/logs/logstash.log stdout_logfile_maxbytes=1024MB stdout_logfile_backups=10 priority=11 [program:kibana] directory=/usr/local/elk/kibana command=/usr/local/elk/kibana/bin/kibana user=elk autostart=true startsecs=5 autorestart=true startretries=3 priority=12 [root@monitor-elk ~]#③启动supervisor：
systemctl start supervisord查看程序进程和日志：
ps aux|grep -v grep|grep "elasticsearch\|logstash\|kibana"tip：
重启配置的单个程序，如：
supervisorctl restart logstash重启配置的所有程序：
supervisorctl restart all重载配置（只重启配置变动的对应程序，其他配置未变动的程序不重启）：
supervisorctl update7）配置nginx
①安装nginx
yum install nginx -y②配置nginx代理:
[root@monitor-elk ~]# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/kibana.conf upstream kibana { server 127.0.0.1:5601 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s; } server { listen 8080; server_name localhost; location / { proxy_pass http://kibana/; index index.html index.htm; #auth auth_basic "kibana Private"; auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx/.htpasswd; } } [root@monitor-elk ~]# grep listen /etc/nginx/nginx.conf listen 8000 default_server; listen [::]:8000 default_server; [root@monitor-elk ~]#③创建nginx认证：
[root@monitor-elk ~]# yum install httpd -y [root@monitor-elk ~]# htpasswd -cm /etc/nginx/.htpasswd elk New password: Re-type new password: Adding password for user elk [root@monitor-elk ~]# systemctl start nginx [root@monitor-elk ~]# systemctl enable nginx8）配置ik中文分词：
①安装maven：
wget "http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/maven/maven-3/3.3.9/binaries/apache-maven-3.3.9-bin.tar.gz" tar -zxf apache-maven-3.3.9-bin.tar.gz mv apache-maven-3.3.9 /usr/local/maven echo "export MAVEN_HOME=/usr/local/maven" >> /etc/bashrc echo "export PATH=$PATH:$MAVEN_HOME/bin" >> /etc/bashrc . /etc/bashrc②编译安装ik（注意下载对应版本）：
wget "https://github.com/medcl/elasticsearch-analysis-ik/archive/v5.2.2.zip" unzip v5.2.2.zip cd elasticsearch-analysis-ik-5.2.2/ mvn package mkdir /usr/local/elk/elasticsearch/plugins/ik cp target/releases/elasticsearch-analysis-ik-5.2.2.zip /usr/local/elk/elasticsearch/plugins/ik/ cd /usr/local/elk/elasticsearch/plugins/ik/ unzip elasticsearch-analysis-ik-5.2.2.zip rm -f elasticsearch-analysis-ik-5.2.2.zip chown -R elk.elk ../ik supervisorctl restart elasticsearch③创建索引模板：
要使用ik分词，需要在创建指定的索引前（不管是通过命令手动还是logstash配置来创建）先创建索引模板，否则使用默认的模板即可：
cd /usr/local/elk/logstash创建并编辑文件 logstash.json ，添加以下内容：
{ "order" : 1, "template" : "tomcatcat-*", "settings" : { "index" : { "refresh_interval" : "5s" } }, "mappings" : { "_default_" : { "dynamic_templates" : [ { "string_fields" : { "mapping" : { "norms" : false, "type" : "text", "analyzer": "ik_max_word", "search_analyzer": "ik_max_word" }, "match_mapping_type" : "text", "match" : "*" } } ], "_all" : { "norms" : false, "enabled" : true }, "properties" : { "@timestamp" : { "include_in_all" : false, "type" : "date" }, "log_data": { "include_in_all" : true, "type" : "text", "analyzer": "ik_max_word", "search_analyzer": "ik_max_word", "boost" : 8 }, "@version" : { "include_in_all" : false, "type" : "keyword" } } } }, "aliases" : { } }'添加完毕后，执行curl命令创建索引模板
curl -XPUT 'http://localhost:9200/_template/tomcatcat' -d @logstash.json执行成功后会返回结果 {"acknowledged":true}
④热更新配置：
有些词语ik无法识别分词，如公司名称、服务名称之类
curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/_analyze?pretty&analyzer=ik_smart' -d ' 腾讯云'
这时需要自己自定义词库，ik支持分词热更新的方式（不需要重启elasticsearch），每分钟自动检测一次
在nginx根路径下创建一个utf8格式的文本文件 ik.txt ，将自己需要分词的词语写入ik.txt，一行一词：
然后修改/usr/local/elk/elasticsearch/plugins/ik/config/IKAnalyzer.cfg.xml
配置完毕重启elasticsearch，再次获取分词结果：
2.客户端：
1）下载filebeat:
wget "https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/beats/filebeat/filebeat-5.2.2-linux-x86_64.tar.gz"解压filebeat-5.2.2-linux-x86_64.tar.gz至/usr/local/elk/目录，并重命名为filebeat
mkdir /usr/local/elk/ mkdir -p /data/elk/logs/ echo "10.135.3.135 elk" >> /etc/hosts2）配置filebeat：
[root@test2 filebeat]# cat logs.yml filebeat.prospectors: - #指定需要监控的日志文件路径，可以使用*匹配 paths: - /data/nginx/log/*_access.log #指定文件的输入类型为log（默认） input_type: log #设定日志类型 document_type: pano-nginx-access #从文件的末尾开始监控文件新增的内容，并按行依次发送 tail_files: true #将日志内容输出到kafka output.kafka: hosts: ["10.135.3.135:9092"] topic: beats compression: Snappy [root@test2 filebeat]# [root@test3 filebeat]# cat logs.yml filebeat.prospectors: - paths: - /usr/local/tomcat/logs/*access_log.*.txt input_type: log document_type: hongbao-tomcat-access tail_files: true - paths: - /usr/local/tomcat/logs/catalina.out input_type: log document_type: hongbao-tomcat-catalina #多行匹配模式，后接正则表达式，这里表示匹配时间，如 2017-06-05 10:00:00,713 multiline.pattern: '^\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2} \d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2},\d{3}' #将未匹配到的行合并到上一行，如java的错误日志 multiline.negate: true #将未匹配到的行添加到上一行的末尾 multiline.match: after tail_files: true output.kafka: hosts: ["10.135.3.135:9092"] topic: beats compression: Snappy [root@test3 filebeat]#3）启动filebeat
nohup /usr/local/elk/filebeat/filebeat -e -c /usr/local/elk/filebeat/logs.yml -d "publish" &>> /data/elk/logs/filebeat.log &三、kibana web端配置
1.浏览器访问kibana地址，并输入前面nginx设置的账号密码：
http://10.135.3.135:8080
在访问 Kibana 时，默认情况下将加载 Discover（发现） 页面，并选择默认的索引模式（logstash-*）。 time filter（时间过滤器）默认设置为 last 15 minutes（最近 15 分钟），搜索查询默认设置为 match-all（*）。
服务器资源状态页：
http://10.135.3.135:8080/status
2.建立索引模式
注意，索引模式的名称要和logstash的output生成的索引（也就是说必须存在于Elasticsearch中，而且必须包含有数据）进行匹配，如logstash-*可与logstash-20170330匹配，还可以匹配多个索引（所有以logstash-开头的索引）。
*匹配索引名称中的零个或多个字符
3.索引建立完毕后，点击Discover中的索引模式，即可看到Elasticsearch的日志数据
4.创建可视化图表
绘制可视化图表，将拆分出来的nginx或tomcat访问日志中的字段response状态码进行聚合显示，以图表的形式直观显示各状态码（如200、400等）的统计情况
1）点击 Visualize 中 Vertical Bar Charts（垂直条形图）
2）选择其中一个索引模式，如 pano-*
3）通过字段 response.keyword 指定 terms（词条）聚合，按从大到小的顺序来显示前五列状态码的总数数据，然后点击 Apply changes 图标
生效。
图表中，X轴显示的是状态码，Y轴显示的是对应的状态码总数。
4）最后点击右上角的 Save保存，同时输入一个可视化的名称。
5.创建仪表盘
可以将相同业务或类型的可视化对象，集中显示在同一个仪表盘中。
1）点击 add添加可视化对象到仪表盘，
2）点击创建好的可视化对象，将会排列在在仪表盘的窗口中。对其可视化对象的窗口大小进行合适的调整。
3）添加和调整完毕后，点击右上角的 Save保存，同时输入一个仪表盘的名称。
4）显示的结果
四、服务监控脚本
1.服务端
1)kafka
[root@monitor-elk ~]# cat /usr/local/scripts/monitor_kafka.sh #!/bin/bash # ############################################# # author:Ellen # describes:Check kafka program # version:v1.0 # updated:20170407 ############################################# # # Configuration information program_dir=/usr/local/elk/kafka logfile=/usr/local/scripts/log/monitor_kafka.log # Check executed user if [ `whoami` != "root" ];then echo "Please use root run script!!!" exit 1 fi # Check kafka program num=`ps aux|grep -w $program_dir|grep -vw "grep\|vim\|vi\|mv\|scp\|cat\|dd\|tail\|head\|script\|ls\|echo\|sys_log\|logger\|tar\|rsync\|ssh"|wc -l` if [ ${num} -eq 0 ];then echo "[`date +'%F %T'`] [CRITICAL] Kafka program dost not start!!!"|tee -a $logfile # Send alarm information #cagent_tools是腾讯云服务器自带的报警插件，该插件可发送短信或邮箱告警，如不需要可注释 /usr/bin/cagent_tools alarm "Kafka program dost not start!!!" echo "[`date +'%F %T'`] [ INFO ] Begin start kafka program..."|tee -a $logfile nohup /usr/local/elk/kafka/bin/kafka-server-start.sh /usr/local/elk/kafka/config/server.properties &>> /data/elk/logs/kafka.log & if [ $? -eq 0 ];then echo "[`date +'%F %T'`] [ INFO ] Kafka program start successful."|tee -a $logfile /usr/bin/cagent_tools alarm "Kafka program start successful" exit 0 else echo "[`date +'%F %T'`] [CRITICAL] Kafka program start failed!!!"|tee -a $logfile /usr/bin/cagent_tools alarm "Kafka program start failed!!!Please handle it!!!" exit 6 fi else echo "[`date +'%F %T'`] [ INFO ] Kafka program is running..."|tee -a $logfile exit 0 fi [root@monitor-elk ~]#2)zookeeper
[root@monitor-elk ~]# cat /usr/local/scripts/monitor_zookeeper.sh #!/bin/bash # ############################################# # author:Ellen # describes:Check zookeeper program # version:v1.0 # updated:20170407 ############################################# # # Configuration information program_dir=/usr/local/elk/zookeeper logfile=/usr/local/scripts/log/monitor_zookeeper.log # Check executed user if [ `whoami` != "root" ];then echo "Please use root run script!!!" exit 1 fi # Check zookeeper program num=`ps aux|grep -w $program_dir|grep -vw "grep\|vim\|vi\|mv\|scp\|cat\|dd\|tail\|head\|ls\|echo\|sys_log\|tar\|rsync\|ssh"|wc -l` if [ ${num} -eq 0 ];then echo "[`date +'%F %T'`] [CRITICAL] Zookeeper program dost not start!!!"|tee -a $logfile # Send alarm information /usr/bin/cagent_tools alarm "Zookeeper program dost not start!!!" echo "[`date +'%F %T'`] [ INFO ] Begin start zookeeper program..."|tee -a $logfile /usr/local/elk/zookeeper/bin/zkServer.sh start if [ $? -eq 0 ];then echo "[`date +'%F %T'`] [ INFO ] Zookeeper program start successful."|tee -a $logfile /usr/bin/cagent_tools alarm "Zookeeper program start successful" exit 0 else echo "[`date +'%F %T'`] [CRITICAL] Zookeeper program start failed!!!"|tee -a $logfile /usr/bin/cagent_tools alarm "Zookeeper program start failed!!!Please handle it!!!" exit 6 fi else echo "[`date +'%F %T'`] [ INFO ] Zookeeper program is running..."|tee -a $logfile exit 0 fi [root@monitor-elk ~]#3)添加crontab定时任务
0-59/5 * * * * /usr/local/scripts/monitor_kafka.sh &> /dev/null 0-59/5 * * * * /usr/local/scripts/monitor_zookeeper.sh &> /dev/null2.客户端：
[root@test2 ~]# cat /usr/local/scripts/monitor_filebeat.sh #!/bin/bash # ############################################# # author:Ellen # describes:Check filebeat program # version:v1.0 # updated:20170407 ############################################# # # Configuration information program_dir=/usr/local/elk/filebeat logfile=/usr/local/scripts/log/monitor_filebeat.log # Check executed user if [ `whoami` != "root" ];then echo "Please use root run script!!!" exit 1 fi # Check filebeat program num=`ps aux|grep -w $program_dir|grep -vw "grep\|vim\|vi\|mv\|cp\|scp\|cat\|dd\|tail\|head\|script\|ls\|echo\|sys_log\|logger\|tar\|rsync\|ssh"|wc -l` if [ ${num} -eq 0 ];then echo "[`date +'%F %T'`] [CRITICAL] Filebeat program dost not start!!!"|tee -a $logfile # Send alarm information /usr/bin/cagent_tools alarm "Filebeat program dost not start!!!" echo "[`date +'%F %T'`] [ INFO ] Begin start filebeat program..."|tee -a $logfile nohup /usr/local/elk/filebeat/filebeat -e -c /usr/local/elk/filebeat/logs.yml -d "publish" &>> /data/elk/logs/filebeat.log & if [ $? -eq 0 ];then echo "[`date +'%F %T'`] [ INFO ] Filebeat program start successful."|tee -a $logfile /usr/bin/cagent_tools alarm "Filebeat program start successful" exit 0 else echo "[`date +'%F %T'`] [CRITICAL] Filebeat program start failed!!!"|tee -a $logfile /usr/bin/cagent_tools alarm "Filebeat program start failed!!!Please handle it!!!" exit 6 fi else echo "[`date +'%F %T'`] [ INFO ] Filebeat program is running..."|tee -a $logfile exit 0 fi [root@test2 ~]#3)添加crontab定时任务
0-59/5 * * * * /usr/local/scripts/monitor_filebeat.sh &> /dev/null五、注意事项
1.数据流向
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log_files -> filebeat -> kafka-> logstash -> elasticsearch -> kibana
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2.每天定时清理elasticsearch索引，只保留30天内的索引
1）编写脚本
[root@monitor-elk ~]# cat /usr/local/scripts/del_index.sh #!/bin/bash # ############################################# # author:Ellen # describes:Delete elasticsearch history index. # version:v1.0 # updated:20170407 ############################################# # # Configuration information logfile=/usr/local/scripts/log/del_index.log tmpfile=/tmp/index.txt host=localhost port=9200 deldate=`date -d '-30days' +'%Y.%m.%d'` # Check executed user if [ `whoami` != "root" ];then echo "Please use root run script!!!" exit 1 fi # Delete elasticsearch index curl -s "$host:$port/_cat/indices?v"|grep -v health|awk {'print $3'}|grep "$deldate" > $tmpfile if [ ! -s $tmpfile ];then echo "[`date +'%F %T'`] [WARNING] $tmpfile is a empty file."|tee -a $logfile exit 1 fi for i in `cat /tmp/index.txt` do curl -XDELETE http://$host:$port/$i if [ $? -eq 0 ];then echo "[`date +'%F %T'`] [ INFO ] Elasticsearch index $i delete successful."|tee -a $logfile else echo "[`date +'%F %T'`] [CRITICAL] Elasticsearch index $i delete failed!!!"|tee -a $logfile /usr/bin/cagent_tools alarm "Elasticsearch index $i delete failed!!!" exit 6 fi done [root@monitor-elk ~]#2）添加crontab定时任务
00 02 * * * /usr/local/scripts/del_index.sh &> /dev/null3.按业务进行建立索引
如hongbao、pano等
4.nginx和tomcat等访问日志使用默认格式
六、相关命令参考
1.列出所有索引
curl -s 'http://localhost:9200/_cat/indices?v'
2.列出节点列表
curl 'localhost:9200/_cat/nodes?v'
3.查询集群健康信息
curl 'localhost:9200/_cat/health?v'
4.查看指定的索引数据（默认返回十条结果）
curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/logstash-nginx-access-2017.05.20/_search?pretty'
5.删除指定的索引
curl -XDELETE http://localhost:9200/logstash-nginx-access-2017.05.206.查询模板
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