Python的运算符和数据类型有哪些?-创新互联

运算符

一、数字运算

Python的运算符和数据类型有哪些?

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二、比较运算

Python的运算符和数据类型有哪些?

三、赋值运算

Python的运算符和数据类型有哪些?

四、逻辑运算

Python的运算符和数据类型有哪些?

五、成员运算

Python的运算符和数据类型有哪些?

数据类型

一、数字

int(整型)

在32位机器上,整数的位数为32位,取值范围为-231~231-1,即-2147483648~2147483647
 在64位系统上,整数的位数为64位,取值范围为-263~263-1,即-9223372036854775808~9223372036854775807

- int
   将字符串转换为数字
     a = "123"
     print(type(a),a)

     b = int(a)
     print(type(b),b)

     num = "0011" 
     v = int(num, base=16)
     print(v)
- bit_lenght
     # 当前数字的二进制,至少用n位表示
     r = age.bit_length()

二、字符串

字符串一旦创建,不可修改
一旦修改或者拼接,都会造成重新生成字符串

字符串常用功能

  • join
  • split
  • find
  • strip
  • upper
  • lower
  • replace
# 1 首字母大写
   # test = "aLex"
   # v = test.capitalize()
   # print(v)

# 2 所有变小写,casefold更牛逼,很多未知的对相应变小写
   # v1 = test.casefold()
   # print(v1)
   # v2 = test.lower()
   # print(v2)

# 3 设置宽度,并将内容居中
   # 20 代指总长度
   # *  空白未知填充,一个字符,可有可无
   # v = test.center(20,"中")
   # print(v)

   # test = "alex"
   # v = test.ljust(20,"*")
   # print(v)

   # test = "alex"
   # v = test.rjust(20,"*")
   # print(v)

   # test = "alex"
   # v = test.zfill(20)
   # print(v)

# 4 去字符串中寻找,寻找子序列的出现次数
   # test = "aLexalexr"
   # v = test.count('ex')
   # print(v)

   # test = "aLexalexr"
   # v = test.count('ex',5,6)
   # print(v)

# 5
   # 以什么什么结尾
   # 以什么什么开始
   # test = "alex"
   # v = test.endswith('ex')
   # v = test.startswith('ex')
   # print(v)

# 6 expandtabs,断句20,
   # test = 
   # v = test.expandtabs(20)
   # print(v)

# 7 从开始往后找,找到第一个之后,获取其未知
   # > 或 >=
   # test = "alexalex"
   # 未找到 -1
   # v = test.find('ex')
   # print(v)

# 8 index找不到,报错  忽略
   # test = "alexalex"
   # v = test.index('8')
   # print(v)

# 9 格式化,将一个字符串中的占位符替换为指定的值
   # test = 'i am {name}, age {a}'
   # print(test)
   # v = test.format(name='alex',a=19)
   # print(v)

   # test = 'i am {0}, age {1}'
   # print(test)
   # v = test.format('alex',19)
   # print(v)

# 10 格式化,传入的值 {"name": 'alex', "a": 19}
   # test = 'i am {name}, age {a}'
   # v1 = test.format(name='df',a=10)
   # v2 = test.format_map({"name": 'alex', "a": 19})

# 11 字符串中是否只包含 字母和数字
   # test = "123"
   # v = test.isalnum()
   # print(v)
   # str

# 12 是否是字母,汉子
   # test = "as2df"
   # v = test.isalpha()
   # print(v)

# 13 当前输入是否是数字
   # test = "二" # 1,②
   # v1 = test.isdecimal()
   # v2 = test.isdigit()
   # v3 = test.isnumeric()
   # print(v1,v2,v3)

# 14 是否存在不可显示的字符
   # \t  制表符
   # \n  换行
   # test = "oiuas\tdfkj"
   # v = test.isprintable()
   # print(v)

# 15 判断是否全部是空格
   # test = ""
   # v = test.isspace()
   # print(v)

# 16 判断是否是标题
   # test = "Return True if all cased characters in S are uppercase and there is"
   # v1 = test.istitle()
   # print(v1)
   # v2 = test.title()
   # print(v2)
   # v3 = v2.istitle()
   # print(v3)

# 17 ***** 将字符串中的每一个元素按照指定分隔符进行拼接
   # test = "你是风儿我是沙"
   # print(test)
   # # t = ' '
   # v = "_".join(test)
   # print(v)

# 18 判断是否全部是大小写 和 转换为大小写
   # test = "Alex"
   # v1 = test.islower()
   # v2 = test.lower()
   # print(v1, v2)

   # v1 = test.isupper()
   # v2 = test.upper()
   # print(v1,v2)
# 19
   # 移除指定字符串
   # 有限最多匹配
   # test = "xa"
   # # v = test.lstrip('xa')
   # v = test.rstrip('9lexxexa')
   # # v = test.strip('xa')
   # print(v)

   # test.lstrip()
   # test.rstrip()
   # test.strip()
   # 去除左右空白
   # v = test.lstrip()
   # v = test.rstrip()
   # v = test.strip()
   # print(v)
   # print(test)
   # 去除\t \n
   # v = test.lstrip()
   # v = test.rstrip()
   # v = test.strip()
   # print(v)

# 20 对应关系替换
   # test =  "aeiou"
   # test1 = "12345"

   # v = "asidufkasd;fiuadkf;adfkjalsdjf"
   # m = str.maketrans("aeiou", "12345")
   # new_v = v.translate(m)
   # print(new_v)

# 21 分割为三部分
   # test = "testasdsddfg"
   # v = test.partition('s')
   # print(v)
   # v = test.rpartition('s')
   # print(v)

# 22 分割为指定个数
   # v = test.split('s',2)
   # print(v)
   # test.rsplit()

# 23 分割,只能根据,true,false:是否保留换行
   # test = "asdfadfasdf\nasdfasdf\nadfasdf"
   # v = test.splitlines(False)
   # print(v)

#  24 以xxx开头,以xx结尾
   # test = "backend 1.1.1.1"
   # v = test.startswith('a')
   # print(v)
   # test.endswith('a)

# 25 大小写转换
   # test = "aLex"
   # v = test.swapcase()
   # print(v)

# 26 字母,数字,下划线 : 标识符 def  class
   # a = "def"
   # v = a.isidentifier()
   # print(v)

# 27 将指定字符串替换为指定字符串
   # test = "alexalexalex"
   # v = test.replace("ex",'bbb')
   # print(v)
   # v = test.replace("ex",'bbb',2)
   # print(v)
# 一、for循环
   # for 变量名 in 字符串:
   #   变量名
   # break
   # continue

   # index = 0
   # while index < len(test):
   #   v = test[index]
   #   print(v)
   #
   #   index += 1
   # print('=======')

   # for zjw in test:
   #   print(zjw)

   # test = "郑建文妹子有种冲我来"
   # for item in test:
   #   print(item)
   #   break

   # for item in test:
   #   continue
   #   print(item)

# 二、索引,下标,获取字符串中的某一个字符
   # v = test[3]
   # print(v)

# 三、切片
   # v = test[0:-1] # 0=<  <1
   # print(v)

# 四、获取长度
   # Python3: len获取当前字符串中由几个字符组成
   # v = len(test)
   # print(v)

# 五、获取连续或不连续的数字,
   # Python2中直接创建在内容中
   # python3中只有for循环时,才一个一个创建
   # r1 = range(10)
   # r2 = range(1,10)
   # r3 = range(1,10,2)
   # 帮助创建连续的数字,通过设置步长来指定不连续
   # v = range(0, 100, 5)
   #
   # for item in v:
   #   print(item)

三、列表

列表格式

  • 列表中可以嵌套任何类型
  • 中括号括起来
  • ,分割每个元素
  • 列表中的元素可以是 数字,字符串,列表,布尔值..所有的都能放进去
  • “集合”,内部放置任何东西
  • 列表,有序;元素可以被修改
#########################list类中提供的方法 #######################

# li = [11, 22, 33, 22, 44]
# 参数
# 1. 原来值最后追加
# 对象.方法(..)  # li对象调用append方法
# li.append(5)
# li.append("alex")
# li.append([1234,2323])
# print(li)

# 2 清空列表
# li.clear()
# print(li)

# 3 拷贝,浅拷贝
# v = li.copy()
# print(v)
# 4. 计算元素出现的次数
# v = li.count(22)
# print(v)

# 5. 扩展原列表,参数:可迭代对象
# li = [11, 22, 33, 22, 44]
# li.append([9898,"不得了"])
# [11, 22, 33, 22, 44, [9898, '不得了']]

# li.extend([9898,"不得了"])
# for i in [9898,"不得了"]:
#   li.append(i)
# [11, 22, 33, 22, 44, 9898, '不得了']
#
# li.extend("不得了")
# print(li)

# 6. 根据值获取当前值索引位置(左边优先)
# li = [11, 22, 33, 22, 44]
# v= li.index(22)
# print(v)

# 7. 在指定索引位置插入元素
# li = [11, 22, 33, 22, 44]
# li.insert(0,99)
# print(li)

# 8、 删除某个值(1.指定索引;2. 默认最后一个),并获取删除的值
# li = [11, 22, 33, 22, 44]
# v = li.pop()
# print(li)
# print(v)

# li = [11, 22, 33, 22, 44]
# v = li.pop(1)
# print(li)
# print(v)
# 9. 删除列表中的指定值,左边优先
# li = [11, 22, 33, 22, 44]
# li.remove(22)
# print(li)
# PS: pop remove del li[0]   del li[7:9]  clear

# 10 将当前列表进行翻转
# li = [11, 22, 33, 22, 44]
# li.reverse()
# print(li)

# 11 列表的排序
# li = [11,44, 22, 33, 22]
# li.sort()
# li.sort(reverse=True)
# print(li)
####################################### 深灰魔法 #######################################

# 1.
# 索引取值
print(li[3])

# 2 切片,切片结果也是列表
print(li[3:-1])

# 3 for循环
# while循环
for item in li:
   print(item)
"""
# 列表元素,可以被修改

# li = [1, 12, 9, "age", ["石振文", ["19", 10], "庞麦郎"], "alex", True]

############## 4 索引
# 修改
# li[1] = 120
# print(li)
# li[1] = [11,22,33,44]
# print(li)

# 删除,第一种方式
# del li[1]
# print(li)
############## 5 切片
# 修改
# li[1:3] = [120,90]
# print(li)
# 删除
# del li[2:6]
# print(li)

# 6 in 操作
# li = [1, 12, 9, "age", ["石振文", ["19", 10], "庞麦郎"], "alex", True]
# v1 = "石振文" in li
# print(v1)
# v2 = "age" in li
# print(v2)

# 7 转换
# 字符串转换列表  li =  list("asdfasdfasdf"), 内部使用for循环
# s = "pouaskdfauspdfiajsdkfj"
# new_li = list(s)
# print(new_li)

# 列表转换成字符串,
# 需要自己写for循环一个一个处理: 既有数字又有字符串
# li = [11,22,33,"123","alex"]
# # r = str(li) # '[11,22,33,"123","alex"]'
# # print(r)
# s = ""
# for i in li:
#   s = s + str(i)
# print(s)
# 直接使用字符串join方法:列表中的元素只有字符串
# li = ["123","alex"]
# v = "".join(li)
# print(v)

四、元组

元组,元素不可被修改,不能被增加或者删除

tu = (11,22,33,44)
tu.count(22),获取指定元素在元组中出现的次数

tu.index(22)获取指定元素在元组的索引
# 1. 书写格式
# tu = (111,"alex",(11,22),[(33,44)],True,33,44,)
# 一般写元组的时候,推荐在最后加入 ,
# 元素不可被修改,不能被增加或者删除
# 2. 索引
# v = tu[0]
# print(v)

# 3. 切片
# v = tu[0:2]
# print(v)

# 4. 可以被for循环,可迭代对象
# for item in tu:
#   print(item)

# 5. 转换
# s = "asdfasdf0"
# li = ["asdf","asdfasdf"]
# tu = ("asdf","asdf")
#
# v = tuple(s)
# print(v)

# v = tuple(li)
# print(v)

# v = list(tu)
# print(v)

# v = "_".join(tu)
# print(v)

# li = ["asdf","asdfasdf"]
# li.extend((11,22,33,))
# print(li)

# 6.元组的一级元素不可修改/删除/增加
# tu = (111,"alex",(11,22),[(33,44)],True,33,44,)
# # 元组,有序。
# # v = tu[3][0][0]
# # print(v)
# # v=tu[3]
# # print(v)
# tu[3][0] = 567
# print(tu)

五、字典

  • 字典无序
  • 字典的value可以是任何值
  • 布尔值(1,0)、列表、字典不能作为字典的key**
# 1 根据序列,创建字典,并指定统一的值
# v = dict.fromkeys(["k1",123,"999"],123)
# print(v)

# 2 根据Key获取值,key不存在时,可以指定默认值(None)
# v = dic['k11111']
# print(v)
# v = dic.get('k1',111111)
# print(v)

# 3 删除并获取值
# dic = {
#   "k1": 'v1',
#   "k2": 'v2'
# }
# v = dic.pop('k1',90)
# print(dic,v)
# k,v = dic.popitem()
# print(dic,k,v)

# 4 设置值,
# 已存在,不设置,获取当前key对应的值
# 不存在,设置,获取当前key对应的值
# dic = {
#   "k1": 'v1',
#   "k2": 'v2'
# }
# v = dic.setdefault('k1111','123')
# print(dic,v)

# 5 更新
# dic = {
#   "k1": 'v1',
#   "k2": 'v2'
# }
# dic.update({'k1': '111111','k3': 123})
# print(dic)
# dic.update(k1=123,k3=345,k5="asdf")
# print(dic)
  • 字典的value可以是任何值
# info = {
#   "k1": 18,
#   "k2": True,
#   "k3": [
#     11,
#     [],
#     (),
#     22,
#     33,
#     {
#       'kk1': 'vv1',
#       'kk2': 'vv2',
#       'kk3': (11,22),
#     }
#   ],
#   "k4": (11,22,33,44)
# }
# print(info)
  • 索引方式找到指定元素
# info = {
#   "k1": 18,
#   2: True,
#   "k3": [
#     11,
#     [],
#     (),
#     22,
#     33,
#     {
#       'kk1': 'vv1',
#       'kk2': 'vv2',
#       'kk3': (11,22),
#     }
#   ],
#   "k4": (11,22,33,44)
# }
# # v = info['k1']
# # print(v)
# # v = info[2]
# # print(v)
# v = info['k3'][5]['kk3'][0]
# print(v)
  • 字典支持 del 删除
# info = {
#   "k1": 18,
#   2: True,
#   "k3": [
#     11,
#     [],
#     (),
#     22,
#     33,
#     {
#       'kk1': 'vv1',
#       'kk2': 'vv2',
#       'kk3': (11,22),
#     }
#   ],
#   "k4": (11,22,33,44)
# }
# del info['k1']
#
# del info['k3'][5]['kk1']
# print(info)
  • for循环
# dict
# info = {
#   "k1": 18,
#   2: True,
#   "k3": [
#     11,
#     [],
#     (),
#     22,
#     33,
#     {
#       'kk1': 'vv1',
#       'kk2': 'vv2',
#       'kk3': (11,22),
#     }
#   ],
#   "k4": (11,22,33,44)
# }
# for item in info:
#   print(item)
#
# for item in info.keys():
#   print(item)

# for item in info.values():
#   print(item)

# for item in info.keys():
#   print(item,info[item])

# for k,v in info.items():
#   print(k,v)

六、集合

  • set集合,是一个无序且不重复的元素集合
  • 作用:去重,关系运算,
  • 每个元素必须是不可变类型(可hash,可作为字典的key)
    优先掌握的操作:
    1、长度len
    2、成员运算in和not in
    3、|合集
    4、&交集
    5、-差集
    6、^对称差集
    7、==
    8、父集:>,>=
    9、子集:<,<=
# s={1,2,3,4,5,6}

#添加
# s.add('s')
# s.add('3')
# s.add(3)
# print(s)

#清除
# s.clear()
# print(s)

#拷贝
# s1=s.copy()

s={'sb',1,2,3,4,5,6}
#随机删
# s.pop()

#指定删除
# s.remove('sb')
# s.remove('hellol') #删除元素不存在会报错
# s.discard('sbbbb')#删除元素不存在不会报错
# print(s)

# python_l=['lcg','szw','zjw','lcg']
# linux_l=['lcg','szw','sb']
# p_s=set(python_l)
# l_s=set(linux_l)
# #求交集
# print(p_s,l_s)
# print(p_s.intersection(l_s))
# print(p_s&l_s)
# #求并集
# print(p_s.union(l_s))
# print(p_s|l_s)
# #差集
# print('差集',p_s-l_s)
# print(p_s.difference(l_s))
# print('差集',l_s-p_s)
# print(l_s.difference(p_s))

#交叉补集
# print('交叉补集',p_s.symmetric_difference(l_s))
# print('交叉补集',p_s^l_s)

python_l=['lcg','szw','zjw','lcg']
linux_l=['lcg','szw','sb']
p_s=set(python_l)
l_s=set(linux_l)
print(p_s,l_s)
# print('差集',p_s-l_s)
# p_s=p_s-l_s
p_s.difference_update(l_s)
print(p_s)

# s1={1,2}
# s2={2,3,5}
# print(s1.isdisjoint(s2)) 如果没有交集,返回True,否则返回False"""

s1={1,2}
s2={1,2,3}
print(s1.issubset(s2))#s1 是s2 的子集
print(s2.issubset(s1))#False

print(s2.issuperset(s1))#s1 是s2 的父集

s1={1,2}
s2={1,2,3}
# s1.update(s2) #更新多个值

# s1.add(1,2,3,4) #更新一个值
# s1.union(s2) #不更新

print(s1)

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