TF-IDF理解及其Java实现的示例分析
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TF-IDF
前言
前段时间,又具体看了自己以前整理的TF-IDF,这里把它发布在博客上,知识就是需要不断的重复的,否则就感觉生疏了。
TF-IDF理解
TF-IDF(term frequency–inverse document frequency)是一种用于资讯检索与资讯探勘的常用加权技术, TFIDF的主要思想是:如果某个词或短语在一篇文章中出现的频率TF高,并且在其他文章中很少出现,则认为此词或者短语具有很好的类别区分能力,适合用来分类。TFIDF实际上是:TF * IDF,TF词频(Term Frequency),IDF反文档频率(Inverse Document Frequency)。TF表示词条在文档d中出现的频率。IDF的主要思想是:如果包含词条t的文档越少,也就是n越小,IDF越大,则说明词条t具有很好的类别区分能力。如果某一类文档C中包含词条t的文档数为m,而其它类包含t的文档总数为k,显然所有包含t的文档数n=m + k,当m大的时候,n也大,按照IDF公式得到的IDF的值会小,就说明该词条t类别区分能力不强。但是实际上,如果一个词条在一个类的文档中频繁出现,则说明该词条能够很好代表这个类的文本的特征,这样的词条应该给它们赋予较高的权重,并选来作为该类文本的特征词以区别与其它类文档。这就是IDF的不足之处.
TF公式:
以上式子中是该词在文件中的出现次数,而分母则是在文件中所有字词的出现次数之和。
IDF公式:
|D|:语料库中的文件总数
:包含词语 ti 的文件数目(即 ni,j不等于0的文件数目)如果该词语不在语料库中,就会导致被除数为零,因此一般情况下使用
然后
TF-IDF实现(Java)
这里采用了外部插件IKAnalyzer-2012.jar,用其进行分词
具体代码如下:
package tfidf; import java.io.*; import java.util.*; import org.wltea.analyzer.lucene.IKAnalyzer; public class ReadFiles { /** * @param args */ private static ArrayListFileList = new ArrayList (); // the list of file //get list of file for the directory, including sub-directory of it public static List readDirs(String filepath) throws FileNotFoundException, IOException { try { File file = new File(filepath); if(!file.isDirectory()) { System.out.println("输入的[]"); System.out.println("filepath:" + file.getAbsolutePath()); } else { String[] flist = file.list(); for (int i = 0; i < flist.length; i++) { File newfile = new File(filepath + "\\" + flist[i]); if(!newfile.isDirectory()) { FileList.add(newfile.getAbsolutePath()); } else if(newfile.isDirectory()) //if file is a directory, call ReadDirs { readDirs(filepath + "\\" + flist[i]); } } } } catch(FileNotFoundException e) { System.out.println(e.getMessage()); } return FileList; } //read file public static String readFile(String file) throws FileNotFoundException, IOException { StringBuffer strSb = new StringBuffer(); //String is constant, StringBuffer can be changed. InputStreamReader inStrR = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(file), "gbk"); //byte streams to character streams BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(inStrR); String line = br.readLine(); while(line != null){ strSb.append(line).append("\r\n"); line = br.readLine(); } return strSb.toString(); } //word segmentation public static ArrayList cutWords(String file) throws IOException{ ArrayList words = new ArrayList (); String text = ReadFiles.readFile(file); IKAnalyzer analyzer = new IKAnalyzer(); words = analyzer.split(text); return words; } //term frequency in a file, times for each word public static HashMap normalTF(ArrayList cutwords){ HashMap resTF = new HashMap (); for (String word : cutwords){ if(resTF.get(word) == null){ resTF.put(word, 1); System.out.println(word); } else{ resTF.put(word, resTF.get(word) + 1); System.out.println(word.toString()); } } return resTF; } //term frequency in a file, frequency of each word public static HashMap tf(ArrayList cutwords){ HashMap resTF = new HashMap (); int wordLen = cutwords.size(); HashMap intTF = ReadFiles.normalTF(cutwords); Iterator iter = intTF.entrySet().iterator(); //iterator for that get from TF while(iter.hasNext()){ Map.Entry entry = (Map.Entry)iter.next(); resTF.put(entry.getKey().toString(), float.parsefloat(entry.getValue().toString()) / wordLen); System.out.println(entry.getKey().toString() + " = "+ float.parsefloat(entry.getValue().toString()) / wordLen); } return resTF; } //tf times for file public static HashMap > normalTFAllFiles(String dirc) throws IOException{ HashMap > allNormalTF = new HashMap >(); List filelist = ReadFiles.readDirs(dirc); for (String file : filelist){ HashMap dict = new HashMap (); ArrayList cutwords = ReadFiles.cutWords(file); //get cut word for one file dict = ReadFiles.normalTF(cutwords); allNormalTF.put(file, dict); } return allNormalTF; } //tf for all file public static HashMap > tfAllFiles(String dirc) throws IOException{ HashMap > allTF = new HashMap >(); List filelist = ReadFiles.readDirs(dirc); for (String file : filelist){ HashMap dict = new HashMap (); ArrayList cutwords = ReadFiles.cutWords(file); //get cut words for one file dict = ReadFiles.tf(cutwords); allTF.put(file, dict); } return allTF; } public static HashMap idf(HashMap > all_tf){ HashMap resIdf = new HashMap (); HashMap dict = new HashMap (); int docNum = FileList.size(); for (int i = 0; i < docNum; i++){ HashMap temp = all_tf.get(FileList.get(i)); Iterator iter = temp.entrySet().iterator(); while(iter.hasNext()){ Map.Entry entry = (Map.Entry)iter.next(); String word = entry.getKey().toString(); if(dict.get(word) == null){ dict.put(word, 1); } else { dict.put(word, dict.get(word) + 1); } } } System.out.println("IDF for every word is:"); Iterator iter_dict = dict.entrySet().iterator(); while(iter_dict.hasNext()){ Map.Entry entry = (Map.Entry)iter_dict.next(); float value = (float)Math.log(docNum / float.parsefloat(entry.getValue().toString())); resIdf.put(entry.getKey().toString(), value); System.out.println(entry.getKey().toString() + " = " + value); } return resIdf; } public static void tf_idf(HashMap > all_tf,HashMap idfs){ HashMap > resTfIdf = new HashMap >(); int docNum = FileList.size(); for (int i = 0; i < docNum; i++){ String filepath = FileList.get(i); HashMap tfidf = new HashMap (); HashMap temp = all_tf.get(filepath); Iterator iter = temp.entrySet().iterator(); while(iter.hasNext()){ Map.Entry entry = (Map.Entry)iter.next(); String word = entry.getKey().toString(); float value = (float)float.parsefloat(entry.getValue().toString()) * idfs.get(word); tfidf.put(word, value); } resTfIdf.put(filepath, tfidf); } System.out.println("TF-IDF for Every file is :"); DisTfIdf(resTfIdf); } public static void DisTfIdf(HashMap > tfidf){ Iterator iter1 = tfidf.entrySet().iterator(); while(iter1.hasNext()){ Map.Entry entrys = (Map.Entry)iter1.next(); System.out.println("FileName: " + entrys.getKey().toString()); System.out.print("{"); HashMap temp = (HashMap ) entrys.getValue(); Iterator iter2 = temp.entrySet().iterator(); while(iter2.hasNext()){ Map.Entry entry = (Map.Entry)iter2.next(); System.out.print(entry.getKey().toString() + " = " + entry.getValue().toString() + ", "); } System.out.println("}"); } } public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub String file = "D:/testfiles"; HashMap > all_tf = tfAllFiles(file); System.out.println(); HashMap idfs = idf(all_tf); System.out.println(); tf_idf(all_tf, idfs); } }
结果如下图:
常见问题
没有加入lucene jar包
lucene包和je包版本不适合
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