Linux下安装MySQL5.7的步骤
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本次将在Linux下通过yum安装MySQL,安装的版本为MySQL 5.7,官网中是最新版本8.0,在网上查了下,发现最新版本的yum源也包含了旧版本,而我们,只需要在安装时启用 5.7 的安装即可。
本人环境:CentOS 7.3 64位
1.检查CentOS是否有系统自带的mysql
yum list installed | grep mysql
如果存在系统自带的mysql及依赖,则通过 yum remove
将其卸载
2.在官网中获取yum源
这里获取到的是最新版本的下载地址: https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm
3.CentOS中下载rpm包,并安装本地mysql源
下载rpm包:wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm --no-check-certificate
安装mysql源:yum localinstall mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm
通过 yum localinstall
安装mysql源,可以帮助我们解决本地rpm包的依赖问题。
最后,验证是否安装成功:yum repolist all | grep mysql
4.修改默认安装版本为5.7
从上面的图片,我们可以看到,默认是MySQL 8.0可用,我们若想安装MySQL 5.7,则需启用5.7。接下来通过直接修改配置文件来设置启用。
vim /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo
输入上面的命令,在编辑界面,先输入 i
进入编辑模式,将8.0的 enabled 设置为0,将5.7的 enabled 设置为1,如下:
接着按 Esc
退出编辑模式,最后输入 :wq
保存并退出。
再次输入命令:yum repolist all | grep mysql
,可以看到8.0已被禁用,而5.7是启用的。
5.安装MySQL
yum install mysql-community-server
输入上面命令,进行安装即可。
点我复制[root@wintest mysql]# yum install mysql-community-server Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Resolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.27-1.el7 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-common(x86-64) = 5.7.27-1.el7 for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.27-1.el7.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-client(x86-64) >= 5.7.9 for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.27-1.el7.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: libaio.so.1(LIBAIO_0.4)(64bit) for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.27-1.el7.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: libaio.so.1(LIBAIO_0.1)(64bit) for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.27-1.el7.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: libaio.so.1()(64bit) for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.27-1.el7.x86_64--> Running transaction check---> Package libaio.x86_64 0:0.3.109-13.el7 will be installed---> Package mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.27-1.el7 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-libs(x86-64) >= 5.7.9 for package: mysql-community-client-5.7.27-1.el7.x86_64---> Package mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.27-1.el7 will be installed--> Running transaction check---> Package mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.52-1.el7 will be obsoleted--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64---> Package mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.27-1.el7 will be obsoleting--> Running transaction check---> Package mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:5.7.27-1.el7 will be obsoleting---> Package postfix.x86_64 2:2.10.1-6.el7 will be updated---> Package postfix.x86_64 2:2.10.1-7.el7 will be an update--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved ==================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ==================================================================================== Installing: mysql-community-libs x86_64 5.7.27-1.el7 mysql57-community 2.2 M replacing mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.52-1.el7 mysql-community-libs-compat x86_64 5.7.27-1.el7 mysql57-community 2.0 M replacing mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.52-1.el7 mysql-community-server x86_64 5.7.27-1.el7 mysql57-community 165 M Installing for dependencies: libaio x86_64 0.3.109-13.el7 base 24 k mysql-community-client x86_64 5.7.27-1.el7 mysql57-community 24 M mysql-community-common x86_64 5.7.27-1.el7 mysql57-community 275 k Updating for dependencies: postfix x86_64 2:2.10.1-7.el7 base 2.4 M Transaction Summary ==================================================================================== Install 3 Packages (+3 Dependent packages) Upgrade ( 1 Dependent package) Total download size: 197 MIs this ok [y/d/N]: y Downloading packages: Delta RPMs disabled because /usr/bin/applydeltarpm not installed. (1/7): libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm | 24 kB 00:00:00 warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql57-community/packages/mysql-community-common-5.7.27-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY Public key for mysql-community-common-5.7.27-1.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed (2/7): mysql-community-common-5.7.27-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 275 kB 00:00:01 (3/7): mysql-community-libs-5.7.27-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 2.2 MB 00:00:01 (4/7): mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.27-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 2.0 MB 00:00:01 (5/7): postfix-2.10.1-7.el7.x86_64.rpm | 2.4 MB 00:00:00 (6/7): mysql-community-client-5.7.27-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 24 MB 00:00:34 (7/7): mysql-community-server-5.7.27-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 165 MB 00:00:52 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 3.5 MB/s | 197 MB 00:56 Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql Importing GPG key 0x5072E1F5: Userid : "MySQL Release Engineering" Fingerprint: a4a9 4068 76fc bd3c 4567 70c8 8c71 8d3b 5072 e1f5 Package : mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch (installed) From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysqlIs this ok [y/N]: y Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : mysql-community-common-5.7.27-1.el7.x86_64 1/9 Installing : mysql-community-libs-5.7.27-1.el7.x86_64 2/9 Installing : mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.27-1.el7.x86_64 3/9 Installing : mysql-community-client-5.7.27-1.el7.x86_64 4/9 Installing : libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64 5/9 Installing : mysql-community-server-5.7.27-1.el7.x86_64 6/9 Updating : 2:postfix-2.10.1-7.el7.x86_64 7/9 Cleanup : 2:postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64 8/9 Erasing : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64 9/9 Verifying : mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.27-1.el7.x86_64 1/9 Verifying : mysql-community-common-5.7.27-1.el7.x86_64 2/9 Verifying : mysql-community-libs-5.7.27-1.el7.x86_64 3/9 Verifying : 2:postfix-2.10.1-7.el7.x86_64 4/9 Verifying : mysql-community-server-5.7.27-1.el7.x86_64 5/9 Verifying : mysql-community-client-5.7.27-1.el7.x86_64 6/9 Verifying : libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64 7/9 Verifying : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64 8/9 Verifying : 2:postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64 9/9 Installed: mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.27-1.el7 mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:5.7.27-1.el7 mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.27-1.el7 Dependency Installed: libaio.x86_64 0:0.3.109-13.el7 mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.27-1.el7 mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.27-1.el7 Dependency Updated: postfix.x86_64 2:2.10.1-7.el7 Replaced: mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.52-1.el7 Complete!
6.启用MySQL
在CentOS 6中,我们一般通过 service mysqld start 来启动mysql,在CentOS 7中,如果直接输入 service mysqld start ,则会出现以下信息:
这是因为 CentOS 7 下重启服务不再通过 service
操作,而是通过 systemctl
操作,因此我们可以输入命令:
启动mysql:systemctl start mysqld.service
查看mysql状态:systemctl status mysqld.service
7.登录mysql
mysql -u root -p
在要求输入密码时,因为mysql 5.7的初始密码不是空,直接按回车键不能成功登录,因此需先找到初始密码,才能登录。
grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
如上,最后的内容就是初始密码。
再次登录,输入初始密码,即可成功登录。
第一次登录成功后,发现不能执行操作,同时提示让修改密码。
8.修改登录密码
alter user root@localhost identified by '新密码'
这里,我想设置新密码为 123456,但出现了报错,这里的报错是mysql的密码策略问题,输入命令:show variables like 'validate_password%'
,查看 mysql 初始的密码策略,发现密码的最小长度为8,密码的验证强度等级为MEDIUM,可以修改一下密码策略:
设置密码的验证强度等级:set global validate_password_policy=LOW
设置密码的最小长度:set global validate_password_length=6
好了,这时我们再次执行修改密码的sql,便不会报错了。
最后通过 flush privileges
刷新权限,使当前操作立即生效,就大功告成了。
注意:最后这里,也可以不修改密码策略,只要自己设置的密码满足MySQL的原密码策略即可。
mysql 添加远程访问
第一种:mysql 5.0(两种方式)
一、
在命令窗口输入,mysql -u root -p 回车,并输入密码
执行 use mysql
执行下面句子,查看权限,root默认权限为localhost
select user,host from user;
更改root权限为%
update user set host = '%' where user = 'root';
刷新
flush privileges;
二、
在命令窗口输入,mysql -u root -p 回车,并输入密码
执行 use mysql
设置test为账户,密码为:ceshipwd,权限为%,所有人
grant all on *.* to 'test'@'%' identified by 'ceshipwd';
如果权限不设置为所有人,可设定固定访问IP如下:
grant all on *.* to 'test'@'111.111.111.111' identified by 'ceshipwd';
最后,刷新
flush privileges;
第一种:mysql 8.0以上(两种方式)
一、
在命令窗口输入,mysql -u root -p 回车,并输入密码
执行 use mysql
执行下面句子,查看权限,root默认权限为localhost
select user,host from user;
更改root权限为%
update user set host = '%' where user = 'root';
刷新
flush privileges;
二、
在命令窗口输入,mysql -u root -p 回车,并输入密码
执行 use mysql
设置test为账户,密码为:ceshipwd,权限为%,所有人
先建立账号:
create user 'test'@'%' identified with mysql_native_password by 'ceshipwd';
再添加账号权限
grant all on *.* to 'test'@'%';
如果权限不设置为所有人,可设定固定访问IP如下:
grant all on *.* to 'test'@'111.111.111.111';
最后,刷新
flush privileges;
三、
各版本修改密码的格式:
mysql5.0格式如下:
本地可以访问
alter user 'ceshi'@'localhost' identified by 'ceshipw';
所有都可以访问
alter user 'ceshi'@'%' identified by 'ceshipw';
mysql8.0以上格式如下:
本地可以访问
alter user 'ceshi'@'localhost' identified with mysql_native_password by 'ceshipw';
所有都可以访问
alter user 'ceshi'@'%' identified with mysql_native_password by 'ceshipw';
*使用navicat连接mysql8.0数据库时,提示1251-client does not support authentication protocol requested by server;consider upgrading mysql client 解决办法:
进入数据库,更新一下认证格式 user mysql; #下面方式是修改密码的格式,即可正常访问 alter user 'ceshi'@'%' identified with mysql_native_password by 'ceshipw'; flush privileges;
感谢各位的阅读,以上就是“Linux下安装MySQL5.7的步骤”的内容了,经过本文的学习后,相信大家对Linux下安装MySQL5.7的步骤这一问题有了更深刻的体会,具体使用情况还需要大家实践验证。这里是创新互联,小编将为大家推送更多相关知识点的文章,欢迎关注!
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