shutil模块中的文件、文件夹、压缩包处理模块是怎样的
shutil模块中的文件、文件夹、压缩包处理模块是怎样的,针对这个问题,这篇文章详细介绍了相对应的分析和解答,希望可以帮助更多想解决这个问题的小伙伴找到更简单易行的方法。
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shutil.copyfileobj(fsrc, fdst[, length])将文件内容拷贝到另一个文件中,length是每次复制的大小
guessage.py中内容 """ 猜年龄游戏: 允许用户最多猜三次,猜了三次后,询问是都继续玩,如果输入Y,可以继续猜三次,否则退出 """ age = 23 count = 0 while count < 3: try: guess_age = int(input("input the age of you think:")) except ValueError: print("you should input one number!") count = count + 1 continue if guess_age > 23: print("the age you input is too big!") elif guess_age < 23: print("the age you input is too small!") else: print("excellent!you are right!") break count = count + 1 while count == 3: your_choice = input("you only have three chances,would you like to continue(Y|y/N|n):") if your_choice.lower() == "y": count = 0 elif your_choice.lower() =="n": break else: print("your input is illegal!input again!")
"正确的程序运行代码" #!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # Author: vita import shutil shutil.copyfileobj(open("guessage.py","r",encoding="utf-8"),open("guessage_new.py","w",encoding="utf-8",10)) E:\PythonProject\python-test\venvP3\Scripts\python.exe E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py Process finished with exit code 0
"不加编码时,有报错信息" #!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # Author: vita import shutil shutil.copyfileobj(open("guessage.py","r"),open("guessage_new.py","w")) E:\PythonProject\python-test\venvP3\Scripts\python.exe E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py Traceback (most recent call last): File "E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py", line 5, inshutil.copyfileobj(open("guessage.py","r"),open("guessage_new.py","w")) File "D:\software2\Python3\install\lib\shutil.py", line 79, in copyfileobj buf = fsrc.read(length) UnicodeDecodeError: 'gbk' codec can't decode byte 0xae in position 29: illegal multibyte sequence Process finished with exit code 1
guessage_new.py """ 猜年龄游戏: 允许用户最多猜三次,猜了三次后,询问是都继续玩,如果输入Y,可以继续猜三次,否则退出 """ age = 23 count = 0 while count < 3: try: guess_age = int(input("input the age of you think:")) except ValueError: print("you should input one number!") count = count + 1 continue if guess_age > 23: print("the age you input is too big!") elif guess_age < 23: print("the age you input is too small!") else: print("excellent!you are right!") break count = count + 1 while count == 3: your_choice = input("you only have three chances,would you like to continue(Y|y/N|n):") if your_choice.lower() == "y": count = 0 elif your_choice.lower() =="n": break else: print("your input is illegal!input again!")
shutil.copyfile(src, dst)拷贝文件
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # Author: vita import shutil shutil.copyfile("guessage.py","guessage_new.py")#目标文件无需存在 print("guessage.py",os.stat("guessage.py")) print("guessage_new.py",os.stat("guessage_new.py")) E:\PythonProject\python-test\venvP3\Scripts\python.exe E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py guessage.py os.stat_result(st_mode=33206, st_ino=9007199254741804, st_dev=3466358229, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=941, st_atime=1555571381, st_mtime=1555571381, st_ctime=1555571381) guessage_new.py os.stat_result(st_mode=33206, st_ino=7881299347900196, st_dev=3466358229, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=941, st_atime=1557104769, st_mtime=1557104769, st_ctime=1557104769) Process finished with exit code 0
shutil.copymode(src, dst)仅拷贝权限。内容、组、用户均不变
"程序代码" #!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # Author: vita import shutil shutil.copymode("guessage.py","guessage_new.py")#目标文件必须存在 #目标文件不存在时 E:\PythonProject\python-test\venvP3\Scripts\python.exe E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py Traceback (most recent call last): File "E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py", line 5, inshutil.copymode("guessage.py","guessage_new.py") File "D:\software2\Python3\install\lib\shutil.py", line 144, in copymode chmod_func(dst, stat.S_IMODE(st.st_mode)) FileNotFoundError: [WinError 2] 系统找不到指定的文件。: 'guessage_new.py' Process finished with exit code 1 #新建一个文件guessage_new.py,内容为空,再运行程序 #!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # Author: vita import shutil import os shutil.copymode("guessage.py","guessage_new.py") print("guessage.py",os.stat("guessage.py")) print("guessage_new.py",os.stat("guessage_new.py")) E:\PythonProject\python-test\venvP3\Scripts\python.exe E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py guessage.py os.stat_result(st_mode=33206, st_ino=9007199254741804, st_dev=3466358229, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=941, st_atime=1555571381, st_mtime=1555571381, st_ctime=1555571381) guessage_new.py os.stat_result(st_mode=33206, st_ino=2533274790397796, st_dev=3466358229, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=61, st_atime=1557104202, st_mtime=1557104202, st_ctime=1557104202) Process finished with exit code 0
shutil.copystat(src, dst)仅拷贝状态的信息,包括:mode bits, atime, mtime, flags
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # Author: vita import shutil import os shutil.copystat("guessage.py","guessage_new.py") #目标文件必须存在 print("guessage.py",os.stat("guessage.py")) print("guessage_new.py",os.stat("guessage_new.py")) E:\PythonProject\python-test\venvP3\Scripts\python.exe E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py guessage.py os.stat_result(st_mode=33206, st_ino=9007199254741804, st_dev=3466358229, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=941, st_atime=1555571381, st_mtime=1555571381, st_ctime=1555571381) guessage_new.py os.stat_result(st_mode=33206, st_ino=2814749767108452, st_dev=3466358229, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=61, st_atime=1555571381, st_mtime=1555571381, st_ctime=1557104576) Process finished with exit code 0
shutil.copy(src, dst)拷贝文件和权限
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # Author: vita import shutil import os shutil.copy("guessage.py","guessage_new.py")#目标文件可以不存在 print("guessage.py",os.stat("guessage.py")) print("guessage_new.py",os.stat("guessage_new.py")) E:\PythonProject\python-test\venvP3\Scripts\python.exe E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py guessage.py os.stat_result(st_mode=33206, st_ino=9007199254741804, st_dev=3466358229, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=941, st_atime=1555571381, st_mtime=1555571381, st_ctime=1555571381) guessage_new.py os.stat_result(st_mode=33206, st_ino=6473924464346978, st_dev=3466358229, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=941, st_atime=1557104716, st_mtime=1557104716, st_ctime=1557104716) Process finished with exit code 0
shutil.copy2(src, dst)拷贝文件和状态信息
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # Author: vita import shutil import os shutil.copy2("guessage.py","guessage_new.py") print("guessage.py",os.stat("guessage.py")) print("guessage_new.py",os.stat("guessage_new.py")) E:\PythonProject\python-test\venvP3\Scripts\python.exe E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py guessage.py os.stat_result(st_mode=33206, st_ino=9007199254741804, st_dev=3466358229, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=941, st_atime=1555571381, st_mtime=1555571381, st_ctime=1555571381) guessage_new.py os.stat_result(st_mode=33206, st_ino=7318349394478946, st_dev=3466358229, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=941, st_atime=1555571381, st_mtime=1555571381, st_ctime=1557104918) Process finished with exit code 0
shutil.ignore_patterns(*patterns)
shutil.copytree(src, dst, symlinks=False, ignore=None)递归的去拷贝文件夹
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # Author: vita import shutil import os # 目标目录不能存在,注意对folder2目录父级目录要有可写权限,ignore的意思是排除 shutil.copytree('ee', 'new_ee', ignore=shutil.ignore_patterns('*.pyc', 'tmp*')) print(os.listdir("ee")) print(os.listdir("new_ee")) E:\PythonProject\python-test\venvP3\Scripts\python.exe E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py ['eee'] ['eee'] Process finished with exit code 0
shutil.rmtree(path[, ignore_errors[, onerror]])递归的去删除文件
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # Author: vita import shutil import os shutil.rmtree('new_ee') print(os.listdir("ee")) print(os.listdir("new_ee")) E:\PythonProject\python-test\venvP3\Scripts\python.exe E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py Traceback (most recent call last): ['eee'] File "E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py", line 10, inprint(os.listdir("new_ee")) FileNotFoundError: [WinError 3] 系统找不到指定的路径。: 'new_ee' Process finished with exit code 1
shutil.move(src, dst)递归的去移动文件,它类似mv命令,其实就是重命名。
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # Author: vita import shutil import os shutil.move('ee','new_ee') print(os.listdir("ee"))#move之后,源文件就不存在了 print(os.listdir("new_ee")) E:\PythonProject\python-test\venvP3\Scripts\python.exe E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py Traceback (most recent call last): File "E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py", line 9, inprint(os.listdir("ee")) FileNotFoundError: [WinError 3] 系统找不到指定的路径。: 'ee' Process finished with exit code 1 #!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # Author: vita import shutil import os shutil.move('new_ee','mkdir') #可以移到另一个文件夹中 print(os.listdir("mkdir")) E:\PythonProject\python-test\venvP3\Scripts\python.exe E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py ['new_ee'] Process finished with exit code 0
shutil.make_archive(base_name, format,...)创建压缩包并返回文件路径,例如:zip、tar
base_name: 压缩包的文件名,也可以是压缩包的路径。只是文件名时,则保存至当前目录,否则保存至指定路径, 如 data_bak =>保存至当前路径 如:/tmp/data_bak =>保存至/tmp/ format: 压缩包种类,“zip”, “tar”, “bztar”,“gztar” root_dir: 要压缩的文件夹路径(默认当前目录) owner: 用户,默认当前用户 group: 组,默认当前组 logger: 用于记录日志,通常是logging.Logger对象 #!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # Author: vita import shutil #将 test2 下的文件打包放置当前程序目录 import shutil import os ret = shutil.make_archive("test2_bak", 'gztar', root_dir='test2')#目标的压缩包可以是已经存在的 print(os.listdir()) #将 test2下的文件打包放置 mkdir目录 import shutil ret = shutil.make_archive("mkdir/test2_bak", 'gztar', root_dir='test2') print(os.listdir("mkdir")) E:\PythonProject\python-test\venvP3\Scripts\python.exe E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py ['.idea', 'guessage.py', 'guessage_new.py', 'mkdir', 'requirements.txt', 'test.py', 'test2', 'test2_bak.tar.gz', '__pycache__', '写文件.txt', '写文件.txt.tmp', '格式化.py', '猜年龄的游戏.jpg', '读文件.txt'] ['new_ee', 'test2_bak.tar.gz'] Process finished with exit code 0
shutil 对压缩包的处理是调用 ZipFile 和 TarFile 两个模块来进行的,详细: zipfile压缩&解压缩 import zipfile # 压缩 z = zipfile.ZipFile('laxi.zip', 'w') z.write('a.log') z.write('data.data') z.close() # 解压 z = zipfile.ZipFile('laxi.zip', 'r') z.extractall(path='.') z.close() tarfile压缩&解压缩 import tarfile # 压缩,egon.tar这个压缩包可以是不存在的,并且可对文件夹递归放到压缩包中 >>> t=tarfile.open('/tmp/egon.tar','w') >>> t.add('/test1/a.py',arcname='a.bak') >>> t.add('/test1/b.py',arcname='b.bak') >>> t.close() # 解压 >>> t=tarfile.open('/tmp/egon.tar','r') >>> t.extractall('/egon') >>> t.close()
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本文名称:shutil模块中的文件、文件夹、压缩包处理模块是怎样的
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