配置DNS的正反向解析与主从同步
配置DNS的正反向解析与主从同步
准备：
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本实验基于两台centos6.5其内核版本号为
2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64配置时间同步
# echo "#update system date by jiajie at 20170506" >>/var/spool/cron/root # echo "*/5 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate time.nist.gov > /dev/null 2>&1" >>/var/spool/cron/root
关闭防火墙和SELINUX
# service iptables stop # setenforce 0 # sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/" /etc/selinux/config
本实验的主DNS服务器IP是：
192.168.1.16，从DNS服务器的IP是192.168.1.20。主服务器：支持正反向解析，从服务器：从正反向解析
开始 配置主服务器（IP：192.168.1.16）
安装软件
# yum -y install bind bind-libs bind-utils版本：bind.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.62.rc1.el6_9.1 bind-libs.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.62.rc1.el6_9.1 bind-utils.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.62.rc1.el6_9.1配置正向解析的数据库文件 ； 配置主DNS服务器的配置文件(只列出修改的)：
# cat /etc/named.conf options { listen-on port 53 { 192.168.1.16; 127.0.0.1; };//or delete this line // listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; }; directory "/var/named"; dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db"; statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt"; memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt"; allow-query { any; }; recursion yes; // dnssec-enable yes; // dnssec-validation yes; /* Path to ISC DLV key */ // bindkeys-file "/etc/named.iscdlv.key"; // managed-keys-directory "/var/named/dynamic"; }; *定义正向区域 *在该文件内添加下面的ZONE(注意格式和符号) # tail /etc/named.rfc1912.zones zone "jiajie.com" IN { type master; file "jiajie.zone"; };创建区域解析库文件：
# vim /var/named/jiajie.com.zone $TTL 1D $ORIGIN jiajie.com. @ IN SOA ns1.jiajie.com. jjzgood.126.com. ( 20170507 1H 10M 5D 1D ) IN NS ns1 IN NS ns2 IN MX 10 mx1 IN MX 20 mx2 ns1 IN A 192.168.1.16 ns2 IN A 192.168.1.20 mx1 IN A 192.168.1.17 mx2 IN A 192.168.1.18 www IN A 192.168.1.16 www IN A 192.169.1.20 ftp IN CNAME www
修改权限和属组：
# chown :named /var/named/jiajie.zone # chmod 640 /var/named/jiajie.zone
查错和重启服务：
# named-checkconf # named-checkzone "jiajie.com" /var/named/jiajie.zone zone jiajie.com/IN: loaded serial 20170507 OK # service named restart # rndc status
现象：
# host -t A www.jiajie.com 192.168.1.16 Using domain server: Name: 192.168.1.16 Address: 192.168.1.16#53 Aliases: www.jiajie.com has address 192.169.1.20 www.jiajie.com has address 192.168.1.16 # host -t A mx1.jiajie.com 192.168.1.16 Using domain server: Name: 192.168.1.16 Address: 192.168.1.16#53 Aliases: mx1.jiajie.com has address 192.168.1.17 # host -t A ftp.jiajie.com 192.168.1.16 Using domain server: Name: 192.168.1.16 Address: 192.168.1.16#53 Aliases: ftp.jiajie.com is an alias for www.jiajie.com. www.jiajie.com has address 192.168.1.16 www.jiajie.com has address 192.169.1.20
由现象可以看出我们配置的主DNS服务器是成功的。
配置反向解析： 添加反向zone：
# tail /etc/named.rfc1912.zones zone "1.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN { type master; file "192.168.1.zone"; };添加反向区域解析库文件：
# vim /var/named/192.168.1.zone $TTL 1D @ IN SOA ns1.jiajie.com. jjzgood.126.com. ( 20170507 1H 10M 5D 1D ) IN NS ns1.jiajie.com. IN NS ns2.jiajie.com. 16 IN PTR ns1.jiajie.com. 16 IN PTR www.jiajie.com. 20 IN PTR ns2.jiajie.com. 20 IN PTR www.jiajie.com. 17 IN PTR mx1.jiajie.com. 18 IN PTR mx2.jiajie.com.
检查和重新加载：
# named-checkconf # named-checkzone "192.168.1.in-addr.arpa" /var/named/192.168.1.zone zone 192.168.1.in-addr.arpa/IN: loaded serial 20170507 OK # rndc reload server reload successful
查看现象：
# host -t ptr 192.168.1.16 192.168.1.16 Using domain server: Name: 192.168.1.16 Address: 192.168.1.16#53 Aliases: 16.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer www.jiajie.com. 16.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer ns1.jiajie.com. # host -t ptr 192.168.1.20 192.168.1.16 Using domain server: Name: 192.168.1.16 Address: 192.168.1.16#53 Aliases: 20.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer www.jiajie.com. 20.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer ns2.jiajie.com. # host -t ptr 192.168.1.17 192.168.1.16 Using domain server: Name: 192.168.1.16 Address: 192.168.1.16#53 Aliases: 17.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer mx1.jiajie.com.
WINDOWS平台查看：
配置从服务器（IP:192.168.1.20）：
注意
从服务器应该是一台独立的服务器
主服务器的区域解析库里必须有一条NS记录志向从服务器
从服务器只需要定义区域，并不需要配置解析库文件
下载安装包：
yum -y install bind yum -y install bind-utils
配置从服务器的配置文件
# vim /etc/named.conf
options {
listen-on port 53 { 192.168.1.20; 127.0.0.1; };
// listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
directory "/var/named";
dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
allow-query { any; };
recursion yes;
// dnssec-enable yes;
// dnssec-validation yes;
/* Path to ISC DLV key */
// bindkeys-file "/etc/named.iscdlv.key";
// managed-keys-directory "/var/named/dynamic";
};
添加区域文件：
# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
zone "jiajie.com" IN {
type slave;
masters { 192.168.1.16; };
file "slaves/jiajie.com.zone";
};
zone "1.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type slave;
masters { 192.168.1.16; };
file "slaves/192.168.1.zone";
};
查错与加载：
# named-checkconf # rndc reload
现象：这时候你会看见在/var/named/slaves/目录下有两个文件（我们并没有创建）。可知从服务已经自动把主服务器的解析库文件复制过来了。
# ll /var/named/slaves/ 192.168.1.zone jiajie.com.zone
这时你在主服务器上的解析库里添加或者修改数据，然后将系列号加1，这时候主服务器会通知从服务来“复制”数据。
排错：
一般出错就在于格式或者符号问题，细心点就可以排除大部分问题。
本人在配置反向解析库文件查错时出现了下面问题：
# named-checkzone "192.168.1.in-addr.arpa" /var/named/192.168.1.zone /var/named/192.168.1.zone:3: ignoring out-of-zone data (1.168.192.in-addr.arpa) /var/named/192.168.1.zone:11: ignoring out-of-zone data (16.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa) /var/named/192.168.1.zone:12: ignoring out-of-zone data (16.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa) /var/named/192.168.1.zone:13: ignoring out-of-zone data (20.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa) /var/named/192.168.1.zone:14: ignoring out-of-zone data (20.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa) /var/named/192.168.1.zone:15: ignoring out-of-zone data (17.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa) /var/named/192.168.1.zone:16: ignoring out-of-zone data (18.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa) zone 192.168.1.in-addr.arpa/IN: has 0 SOA records zone 192.168.1.in-addr.arpa/IN: has no NS records zone 192.168.1.in-addr.arpa/IN: not loaded due to errors.
虽然报错，但是反向解析依然可以使用。我在多方寻求帮助未果，最后发现只要把/var/named/192.158.1.zone中的$ORIGIN 1.168.192.in-addr.arpa删除就可以了。这行本来就是可有可无的，写上只是为了好理解一点。
2017/5/7 11:55:42
当前题目：配置DNS的正反向解析与主从同步
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