redis缓存服务器

redis是一个key-value存储系统。和Memcached类似，它支持存储的value类型相对更多，包括
string(字符串)、list(链表)、set(集合)、zset(sorted set --有序集合)和hash（哈希类型）。

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1、Redis不仅仅支持简单的k/v类型的数据，同时还提供list，set，zset，hash等数据结构的存储。
2、Redis支持数据的备份，即master-slave模式的数据备份。
3、Redis支持数据的持久化，可以将内存中的数据保持在磁盘中，重启的时候可以再次加载进行使用。


nginx+tomcat+redis实现负载均衡、session共享
1，安装部署nginx负载均衡服务器
安装zlib-devel、pcre-devel等依赖包
[root@www ~]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make libtool zlib zlib-devel pcre pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel
注：
结合proxy和upstream模块实现后端web负载均衡
结合nginx默认自带的ngx_http_proxy_module模块 和ngx_http_upstream_module模块实现后
端服务器的健康检查
创建nginx程序用户
[root@www ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin www
编译安装nginx
[root@www ~]# tar zxf nginx-1.10.2.tar.gz
[root@www ~]# cd nginx-1.10.2/
[root@www nginx-1.10.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx1.10 --user=www --group=www  --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-pcre --with-http_flv_module
[root@www nginx-1.10.2]# make && make install
优化nginx程序的执行路径
[root@www nginx-1.10.2]# ln -s /usr/local/nginx1.10/sbin/nginx /usr/local/sbin/
[root@www nginx-1.10.2]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx1.10/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx1.10/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
编写nginx服务脚本：脚本内容如下：
复制进去即可
[root@www ~]# cat /etc/init.d/nginx

#!/bin/bash
# nginx Startup script for the Nginx HTTP Server
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# pidfile: /usr/local/nginx1.10/logs/nginx.pid
# config: /usr/local/nginx1.10/conf/nginx.conf
nginxd=/usr/local/nginx1.10/sbin/nginx
nginx_config=/usr/local/nginx1.10/conf/nginx.conf
nginx_pid=/usr/local/nginx1.10/logs/nginx.pid
RETVAL=0
prog="nginx"
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Start nginx daemons functions.
start() {
if [ -f $nginx_pid ] ; then
echo "nginx already running...."
exit 1
fi
echo -n "Starting $prog: "
 $nginxd -c ${nginx_config}
 RETVAL=$?
[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch /var/lock/subsys/nginx
}
# Stop nginx daemons functions.
stop() {
echo -n "Stopping $prog: "
 $nginxd -s stop
 RETVAL=$?
[ $RETVAL = 0 ] &&rm -f /var/lock/subsys/nginx
}
# reloadnginx service functions.
reload() {
echo -n "Reloading $prog: "
 $nginxd -s reload
}
# statusngnx service functions
status() {
if [ -f $nginx_pid ] ; then
echo "$prog is running"
else
echo "$prog is stop"
fi
}
case "$1" in
start)
start
 ;;
stop)
stop
 ;;
reload)
reload
 ;;
restart)
stop
start
 ;;
status)
status
 ;;
*)
echo "Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|reload|status}"
exit 1
 ;;
esac

[root@www ~]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx
[root@www ~]# chkconfig --add nginx
[root@www ~]# chk config nginx on
[root@www ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
配置nginx反向代理：反向代理+负载均衡+健康探测，nginx.conf文件内容：
[root@www ~]# cat /usr/local/nginx1.10/conf/nginx.conf

user www www;
worker_processes 4;
worker_cpu_affinity 0001 0010 0100 1000;
error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
worker_rlimit_nofile 10240;
pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
use epoll;
worker_connections 4096;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
 '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
 '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log logs/access.log main;
server_tokens off;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
 #keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
 #Compression Settings
gzip on;
gzip_comp_level 6;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_proxied any;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 16 8k;
gzip_types text/plain text/css text/javascript application/json application/javascript
application/x-javascript application/xml;
gzip_vary on;
 #end gzip
 # http_proxy Settings
client_max_body_size 10m;
client_body_buffer_size 128k;
proxy_connect_timeout 75;
proxy_send_timeout 75;
proxy_read_timeout 75;
proxy_buffer_size 4k;
proxy_buffers 4 32k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k;
proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;
 #load balance Settings
upstream backend_tomcat {
server 192.168.31.83:8080 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=10s;     #要改
server 192.168.31.250:8080 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=10s;   #要改
 }
 #virtual host Settings
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.benet.com;
charset utf-8;
location / {
root html;
index index.jsp index.html index.htm;
 }
location ~ \.(jsp|do)$ {
          proxy_pass http://backend_tomcat;
          proxy_redirect off;
          proxy_set_header Host $host;
          proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
          proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
          proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_502 http_503 http_504;
           }
           location /nginxstatus {
           stub_status on;
           access_log off;
           allow 192.168.1.0/24;     #要改
           deny all;
            }
             }
             }

重启nginx服务，使修改生效
[root@www ~]# service nginx restart
配置防火墙规测   容许 tcp/80端口出去
[root@www ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=80/tcp
success
[root@www ~]# firewall-cmd --reload
success

---

2，安装部署tomcat应用程序服务器
在tomcat-1和tomcat-2节点上安装JDK
在安装tomcat之前必须先安装JDK，JDK的全称是java development kit,是sun公司免费提
供的java语言的软件开发工具包，其中包含java虚拟机（JVM），编写好的java源程序经过
编译可形成java字节码，只要安装了JDK，就可以利用JVM解释这些字节码文件，从而保证了
java的跨平台性。
安装JDK，配置java环境：
将jdk-7u65-linux-x64.gz解压
[root@tomcat-1 ~]# tar zxf jdk-7u65-linux-x64.gz
将解压的jdk1.7.065目录移致动到/usr/local/下并重命名为java
[root@tomcat-1 ~]# mv jdk1.7.065/ /usr/local/java
在/etc/profile文件中添加内容如下：
export JAVAHOME=/usr/local/java
export PATH=$JAVAHOME/bin:$PATH
通过source命令执行profile文件，使其生效。
[root@tomcat-1 ~]# source /etc/profile
[root@tomcat-1 ~]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/java/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
按照相同方法在tomcat-2也安装JDK
分别在在tomcat-1和tomcat-2节点运行java -version命令查看java版本是否和之前安装的
一致。
[root@tomcat-1 ~]# java -version
java version "1.7.065"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.065-b17)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.65-b04, mixed mode)
至此java环境已经配置完成
在tomcat-1和tomcat-2节点安装配置tomcat
解压apache-tomcat-7.0.54.tar.gz包
[root@tomcat-1 ~]# tar zxf apache-tomcat-7.0.54.tar.gz
将解压生成的文件夹移动到/usr/local/下，并改名为tomcat7
[root@tomcat-1 ~]# mv apache-tomcat-7.0.54 /usr/local/tomcat7
配置tomcat环境变量
/etc/profile文件内容如下：
export JAVAHOME=/usr/local/java
export CATALINAHOME=/usr/local/tomcat7
export PATH=$JAVAHOME/bin:$CATALINAHOME/bin:$PATH
通过source命令执行profile文件，使其生效。
[root@tomcat-1 ~]# source /etc/profile
[root@tomcat-1 ~]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/java/bin:/usr/local/tomcat7/bin:/usr/local/java/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/
bin:/root/bin
查看tomcat的版本信息
[root@tomcat-1 ~]# catalina.sh version
Using CATALINABASE: /usr/local/tomcat7
Using CATALINAHOME: /usr/local/tomcat7
Using CATALINATMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat7/temp
Using JREHOME: /usr/local/java
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat7/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat7/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Server version: Apache Tomcat/7.0.54
Server built: May 19 2014 10:26:15
Server number: 7.0.54.0
OS Name: Linux
OS Version: 3.10.0-327.el7.x8664
Architecture: amd64
JVM Version: 1.7.065-b17
JVM Vendor: Oracle Corporation
启动tomcat
[root@tomcat-1 ~]# /usr/local/tomcat7/bin/startup.sh
Using CATALINABASE: /usr/local/tomcat7
Using CATALINAHOME: /usr/local/tomcat7
Using CATALINATMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat7/temp
Using JREHOME: /usr/local/java
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat7/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat7/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.
Tomcat默认运行在8080端口，运行netstat命令查看8080端口监听的信息
[root@tomcat-1 ~]# netstat -anpt | grep java
tcp6 0 0 :::8009 ::: LISTEN 42330/java
tcp6 0 0 :::8080 ::: LISTEN 42330/java
防火墙规则配置：
[root@tomcat-1 ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=8080/tcp
success
[root@tomcat-1 ~]# firewall-cmd --reload
success
按照相同方法在tomcat-2也安装
打开浏览器分别对tomcat-1和tomcat-2访问测试
如果想关闭tomcat则运行/usr/local/tomcat7/bin/shutdown.sh命令
好了，大家可以看到访成功。说明我们的tomcat安装完成，下面我们来修改配置文件
[root@tomcat-1 ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat7/conf/server.xml
设置默认虚拟主机，并增加jvmRoute*

修改默认虚拟主机，并将网站文件路径指向/web/webapp1，在host段增加context段
unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">



增加文档目录与测试文件
[root@tomcat-1 ~]# mkdir -p /web/webapp1
[root@tomcat-1 ~]# cd /web/webapp1/
[root@ tomcat-1 webapp1]# vi index.jsp
index.jsp内容如下：

<%@page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>





Session serviced by tomcat

<% session.setAttribute("abc","abc");%>


Session ID
<%=session.getId() %>

Created on
<%= session.getCreationTime() %>

停止tomcat运行，检查配置文件并启动tomcat
[root@tomcat-1 ~]# shutdown.sh
[root@tomcat-1 ~]# netstat -anpt | grep java
[root@tomcat-1 ~]# catalina.sh configtest
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat7
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat7
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat7/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr/local/java
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat7/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat7/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Nov 16, 2016 1:04:05 AM org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListenerinit
INFO: The APR based Apache Tomcat Native library which allows optimal performance in production
environments was not found on the java.library.path:
/usr/java/packages/lib/amd64:/usr/lib64:/lib64:/lib:/usr/lib
Nov 16, 2016 1:04:05 AM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocolinit
INFO: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-8080"]
Nov 16, 2016 1:04:05 AM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocolinit
INFO: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["ajp-bio-8009"]
Nov 16, 2016 1:04:05 AM org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina load
INFO: Initialization processed in 534 ms
[root@tomcat-1 ~]# startup.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat7
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat7
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat7/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr/local/java
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat7/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat7/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.
[root@tomcat-1 ~]# netstat -anpt | grep java
tcp6 0 0 :::8009 ::: LISTEN 8180/java
tcp6 0 0 :::8080 ::: LISTEN 8180/java
Tomcat-2节点与tomcat-1节点配置基本类似，只是jvmRoute不同，另外为了区分由哪个节点
提供访问，测试页标题也不同（生产环境两个tomcat服务器提供的网页内容是相同的）。其
他的配置都相同。
用浏览器访问nginx主机，验证负载均衡

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