如何解决使用udev管理asmdisk执行/sbin/scsi_id不显示UUID的问题
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在搭建RAC的时候，使用udev方式来创建ASM磁盘，执行/sbin/scsi_id命令不知道啥原因,死活获取不到UUID,执行结果啥也不显示。
[root@seiang2 ~]# scsi_id -u -g
/dev/sdb
没有uuid貌似没法配置udev rules文件，通过查阅相关资料，通过如下两种方式实现的,通过udevinfo（6版本操作系统udevadm取代了udevinfo）命令获取分区的信息,可以利用分区中的这2项信息SYSFS{start}=="63"和SYSFS{size}=="16771797"（6版本变为ATTR{start}=="4241160"和ATTR{size}=="2120580"）来代替uuid唯一标识这个设备；
实验环境：
操作系统：Redhat5.5 Hostname：seiang2.comsys.com
操作系统：Redhat6.4 Hostname：test.comsys.com
目录
一、使用udevinfo/udevadm获取分区的唯一标识
二、使用裸设备创建asm磁盘
关于Linux下的udev详细介绍：http://blog.itpub.net/31015730/viewspace-2142429/
一、使用udevinfo/udevadm获取分区的唯一标识
新增加一块磁盘，并对它进行分区，分区之后通过udevinfo/udevadm命令来获取分区的唯一标识；
Redhat5版本
[root@seiang2 ~]# ll /sbin/udev*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 15176 May 5 2009 /sbin/udevcontrol
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 61864 May 5 2009 /sbin/udevd
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 899928 May 5 2009 /sbin/udevd.static
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 23680 May 5 2009 /sbin/udevsettle
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 24144 May 5 2009 /sbin/udevtrigger
[root@seiang2 ~]# cd /sys/block/sdb
[root@seiang2 ~]# udevinfo -a -p /sys/block/sdb
Udevinfo starts with the device specified by the devpath and then
walks up the chain of parent devices. It prints for every device
found, all possible attributes in the udev rules key format.
A rule to match, can be composed by the attributes of the device
and the attributes from one single parent device.
looking at device '/block/sdb':
KERNEL=="sdb"
SUBSYSTEM=="block"
SYSFS{stat}==" 63 93 1248 19 0 0 0 0 0 19 19"
SYSFS{size}=="10485760"
SYSFS{removable}=="0"
SYSFS{range}=="16"
SYSFS{dev}=="8:16"
looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:0d.0/host1/target1:0:0/1:0:0:0':
ID=="1:0:0:0"
BUS=="scsi"
DRIVER=="sd"
SYSFS{dh_state}=="detached"
SYSFS{ioerr_cnt}=="0x0"
SYSFS{iodone_cnt}=="0x51"
SYSFS{iorequest_cnt}=="0x51"
SYSFS{iocounterbits}=="32"
SYSFS{timeout}=="60"
SYSFS{state}=="running"
SYSFS{rev}=="1.0 "
SYSFS{model}=="VBOX HARDDISK "
SYSFS{vendor}=="ATA "
SYSFS{scsi_level}=="6"
SYSFS{type}=="0"
SYSFS{queue_type}=="simple"
SYSFS{queue_depth}=="31"
SYSFS{device_blocked}=="0"
looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:0d.0/host1/target1:0:0':
ID=="target1:0:0"
BUS==""
DRIVER==""
looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:0d.0/host1':
ID=="host1"
BUS==""
DRIVER==""
looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:0d.0':
ID=="0000:00:0d.0"
BUS=="pci"
DRIVER=="ahci"
SYSFS{broken_parity_status}=="0"
SYSFS{enable}=="1"
SYSFS{modalias}=="pci:v00008086d00002829sv00000000sd00000000bc01sc06i01"
SYSFS{local_cpus}=="00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000"
SYSFS{irq}=="177"
SYSFS{class}=="0x010601"
SYSFS{subsystem_device}=="0x0000"
SYSFS{subsystem_vendor}=="0x0000"
SYSFS{device}=="0x2829"
SYSFS{vendor}=="0x8086"
looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00':
ID=="pci0000:00"
BUS==""
DRIVER==""
[root@seiang2 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-652, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-652, default 652): +1G
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 2
First cylinder (124-652, default 124):
Using default value 124
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (124-652, default 652): +1G
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 3
First cylinder (126-652, default 126):
Using default value 126
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (126-652, default 652): +1G
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 123 987966 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 124 125 16065 83 Linux
/dev/sdb3 126 248 987997+ 83 Linux
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@seiang2 ~]# ll /dev/sdb*
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 16 Jul 20 02:57 /dev/sdb
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 17 Jul 20 02:57 /dev/sdb1
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 18 Jul 20 02:57 /dev/sdb2
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 19 Jul 20 02:57 /dev/sdb3
使用udevinfo命令查看详细的分区信息
[root@seiang2 ~]# udevinfo -a -p /sys/block/sdb/sdb1
Udevinfo starts with the device specified by the devpath and then
walks up the chain of parent devices. It prints for every device
found, all possible attributes in the udev rules key format.
A rule to match, can be composed by the attributes of the device
and the attributes from one single parent device.
looking at device '/block/sdb/sdb1':
KERNEL=="sdb1"
SUBSYSTEM=="block"
SYSFS{stat}==" 31 67 392 19 0 0 0 0 0 17 19"
SYSFS{size}=="1975932"
SYSFS{start}=="63"
SYSFS{dev}=="8:17"
looking at parent device '/block/sdb':
ID=="sdb"
BUS=="block"
DRIVER==""
SYSFS{stat}==" 196 575 3152 94 1 0 8 2 0 71 96"
SYSFS{size}=="10485760"
SYSFS{removable}=="0"
SYSFS{range}=="16"
SYSFS{dev}=="8:16"
looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:0d.0/host1/target1:0:0/1:0:0:0':
ID=="1:0:0:0"
BUS=="scsi"
DRIVER=="sd"
SYSFS{dh_state}=="detached"
SYSFS{ioerr_cnt}=="0x0"
SYSFS{iodone_cnt}=="0xe1"
SYSFS{iorequest_cnt}=="0xe1"
SYSFS{iocounterbits}=="32"
SYSFS{timeout}=="60"
SYSFS{state}=="running"
SYSFS{rev}=="1.0 "
SYSFS{model}=="VBOX HARDDISK "
SYSFS{vendor}=="ATA "
SYSFS{scsi_level}=="6"
SYSFS{type}=="0"
SYSFS{queue_type}=="simple"
SYSFS{queue_depth}=="31"
SYSFS{device_blocked}=="0"
looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:0d.0/host1/target1:0:0':
ID=="target1:0:0"
BUS==""
DRIVER==""
looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:0d.0/host1':
ID=="host1"
BUS==""
DRIVER==""
looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:0d.0':
ID=="0000:00:0d.0"
BUS=="pci"
DRIVER=="ahci"
SYSFS{broken_parity_status}=="0"
SYSFS{enable}=="1"
SYSFS{modalias}=="pci:v00008086d00002829sv00000000sd00000000bc01sc06i01"
SYSFS{local_cpus}=="00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000"
SYSFS{irq}=="177"
SYSFS{class}=="0x010601"
SYSFS{subsystem_device}=="0x0000"
SYSFS{subsystem_vendor}=="0x0000"
SYSFS{device}=="0x2829"
SYSFS{vendor}=="0x8086"
looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00':
ID=="pci0000:00"
BUS==""
DRIVER==""
[root@seiang2 rules.d]# udevinfo -a -p /sys/block/sdb/sdb3/
Udevinfo starts with the device specified by the devpath and then
walks up the chain of parent devices. It prints for every device
found, all possible attributes in the udev rules key format.
A rule to match, can be composed by the attributes of the device
and the attributes from one single parent device.
looking at device '/block/sdb/sdb3':
KERNEL=="sdb3"
SUBSYSTEM=="block"
SYSFS{stat}==" 27 355 382 31 0 0 0 0 0 31 31"
SYSFS{size}=="1975995"
SYSFS{start}=="2008125"
SYSFS{dev}=="8:19"
looking at parent device '/block/sdb':
ID=="sdb"
BUS=="block"
DRIVER==""
SYSFS{stat}==" 395 1754 5700 383 2 0 16 8 0 242 391"
SYSFS{size}=="10485760"
SYSFS{removable}=="0"
SYSFS{range}=="16"
SYSFS{dev}=="8:16"
looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:0d.0/host1/target1:0:0/1:0:0:0':
ID=="1:0:0:0"
BUS=="scsi"
DRIVER=="sd"
SYSFS{dh_state}=="detached"
SYSFS{ioerr_cnt}=="0x0"
SYSFS{iodone_cnt}=="0x1b3"
SYSFS{iorequest_cnt}=="0x1b3"
SYSFS{iocounterbits}=="32"
SYSFS{timeout}=="60"
SYSFS{state}=="running"
SYSFS{rev}=="1.0 "
SYSFS{model}=="VBOX HARDDISK "
SYSFS{vendor}=="ATA "
SYSFS{scsi_level}=="6"
SYSFS{type}=="0"
SYSFS{queue_type}=="simple"
SYSFS{queue_depth}=="31"
SYSFS{device_blocked}=="0"
looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:0d.0/host1/target1:0:0':
ID=="target1:0:0"
BUS==""
DRIVER==""
looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:0d.0/host1':
ID=="host1"
BUS==""
DRIVER==""
looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:0d.0':
ID=="0000:00:0d.0"
BUS=="pci"
DRIVER=="ahci"
SYSFS{broken_parity_status}=="0"
SYSFS{enable}=="1"
SYSFS{modalias}=="pci:v00008086d00002829sv00000000sd00000000bc01sc06i01"
SYSFS{local_cpus}=="00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000"
SYSFS{irq}=="177"
SYSFS{class}=="0x010601"
SYSFS{subsystem_device}=="0x0000"
SYSFS{subsystem_vendor}=="0x0000"
SYSFS{device}=="0x2829"
SYSFS{vendor}=="0x8086"
looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00':
ID=="pci0000:00"
BUS==""
DRIVER==""
编辑udev的rule文件
[root@seiang2 ~]# cd /etc/udev/rules.d/
[root@seiang2 rules.d]# vim 99-oracle-asmdevices.rules
KERNEL=="sdb1", SUBSYSTEM=="block", SYSFS{size}=="1975932", SYSFS{start}=="63", OWNER="grid",NAME="asmdisk-data1", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sdb3", SUBSYSTEM=="block", SYSFS{size}=="1975995", SYSFS{start}=="2008125", OWNER="grid",NAME="asmdisk-data2", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
编辑rule文件之后可以使用udevtest测试udev对设备的管理,命名,链接以及权限的设置情况
[root@seiang2 rules.d]# udevtest /block/sdb
main: looking at device '/block/sdb' from subsystem 'block'
run_program: '/lib/udev/usb_id -x'
run_program: '/lib/udev/usb_id' returned with status 1
run_program: '/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -x -s /block/sdb -d /dev/.tmp-8-16'
run_program: '/lib/udev/scsi_id' (stdout) 'ID_VENDOR=ATA'
run_program: '/lib/udev/scsi_id' (stdout) 'ID_MODEL=VBOX_HARDDISK'
run_program: '/lib/udev/scsi_id' (stdout) 'ID_REVISION=1.0'
run_program: '/lib/udev/scsi_id' (stdout) 'ID_SERIAL=SATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VBda65d90d-e2055c6a'
run_program: '/lib/udev/scsi_id' (stdout) 'ID_TYPE=disk'
run_program: '/lib/udev/scsi_id' (stdout) 'ID_BUS=scsi'
run_program: '/lib/udev/scsi_id' returned with status 0
udev_rules_get_name: add symlink 'disk/by-id/scsi-SATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VBda65d90d-e2055c6a'
run_program: '/lib/udev/path_id /block/sdb'
run_program: '/lib/udev/path_id' (stdout) 'ID_PATH=pci-0000:00:0d.0-scsi-1:0:0:0'
run_program: '/lib/udev/path_id' returned with status 0
udev_rules_get_name: add symlink 'disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:0d.0-scsi-1:0:0:0'
run_program: '/lib/udev/vol_id --export /dev/.tmp-8-16'
run_program: '/lib/udev/vol_id' returned with status 4
run_program: '/lib/udev/edd_id --export /dev/.tmp-8-16'
run_program: '/lib/udev/edd_id' (stderr) 'no kernel EDD support'
run_program: '/lib/udev/edd_id' returned with status 2
udev_rules_get_name: no node name set, will use kernel name 'sdb'
udev_device_event: device '/block/sdb' already in database, validate currently present symlinks
udev_node_add: creating device node '/dev/sdb', major = '8', minor = '16', mode = '0640', uid = '0', gid = '6'
udev_node_add: creating symlink '/dev/disk/by-id/scsi-SATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VBda65d90d-e2055c6a' to '../../sdb'
udev_node_add: creating symlink '/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:0d.0-scsi-1:0:0:0' to '../../sdb'
main: run: 'socket:/org/kernel/udev/monitor'
main: run: '/lib/udev/udev_run_devd'
main: run: 'socket:/org/freedesktop/hal/udev_event'
main: run: '/sbin/pam_console_apply /dev/sdb /dev/disk/by-id/scsi-SATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VBda65d90d-e2055c6a /dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:0d.0-scsi-1:0:0:0'
重新启动udev,在启动之前首先使用命令udevcontrol重新装载rules（此步骤可以省略）
[root@seiang2 rules.d]# udevcontrol reload_rules
[root@seiang2 rules.d]# start_udev
Starting udev: [ OK ]
[root@seiang2 rules.d]# ll /dev/asm*
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 17 Jul 20 03:09 /dev/asmdisk-data1
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 19 Jul 20 03:09 /dev/asmdisk-data2
[root@seiang2 rules.d]#
Redhat6版本
[root@test rules.d]# udevadm info -a -p /sys/block/sdb/sdb2
Udevadm info starts with the device specified by the devpath and then
walks up the chain of parent devices. It prints for every device
found, all possible attributes in the udev rules key format.
A rule to match, can be composed by the attributes of the device
and the attributes from one single parent device.
looking at device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:0d.0/host3/target3:0:0/3:0:0:0/block/sdb/sdb2':
KERNEL=="sdb2"
SUBSYSTEM=="block"
DRIVER==""
ATTR{partition}=="2"
ATTR{start}=="2120580"
ATTR{size}=="2120580"
ATTR{alignment_offset}=="0"
ATTR{discard_alignment}=="0"
ATTR{stat}==" 238 84 1288 247 0 0 0 0 0 232 247"
ATTR{inflight}==" 0 0"
looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:0d.0/host3/target3:0:0/3:0:0:0/block/sdb':
KERNELS=="sdb"
SUBSYSTEMS=="block"
DRIVERS==""
ATTRS{range}=="16"
ATTRS{ext_range}=="256"
ATTRS{removable}=="0"
ATTRS{ro}=="0"
ATTRS{size}=="10485760"
ATTRS{alignment_offset}=="0"
ATTRS{discard_alignment}=="0"
ATTRS{capability}=="52"
ATTRS{stat}==" 2082 4734 15818 2580 640 98980 99628 48250 0 2549 50830"
ATTRS{inflight}==" 0 0"
looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:0d.0/host3/target3:0:0/3:0:0:0':
KERNELS=="3:0:0:0"
SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi"
DRIVERS=="sd"
ATTRS{device_blocked}=="0"
ATTRS{type}=="0"
ATTRS{scsi_level}=="6"
ATTRS{vendor}=="ATA "
ATTRS{model}=="VBOX HARDDISK "
ATTRS{rev}=="1.0 "
ATTRS{state}=="running"
ATTRS{timeout}=="30"
ATTRS{iocounterbits}=="32"
ATTRS{iorequest_cnt}=="0xb10"
ATTRS{iodone_cnt}=="0xb0e"
ATTRS{ioerr_cnt}=="0xf"
ATTRS{modalias}=="scsi:t-0x00"
ATTRS{evt_media_change}=="0"
ATTRS{dh_state}=="detached"
ATTRS{queue_depth}=="31"
ATTRS{queue_ramp_up_period}=="120000"
ATTRS{queue_type}=="simple"
looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:0d.0/host3/target3:0:0':
KERNELS=="target3:0:0"
SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi"
DRIVERS==""
looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:0d.0/host3':
KERNELS=="host3"
SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi"
DRIVERS==""
looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:0d.0':
KERNELS=="0000:00:0d.0"
SUBSYSTEMS=="pci"
DRIVERS=="ahci"
ATTRS{vendor}=="0x8086"
ATTRS{device}=="0x2829"
ATTRS{subsystem_vendor}=="0x0000"
ATTRS{subsystem_device}=="0x0000"
ATTRS{class}=="0x010601"
ATTRS{irq}=="21"
ATTRS{local_cpus}=="1"
ATTRS{local_cpulist}=="0"
ATTRS{modalias}=="pci:v00008086d00002829sv00000000sd00000000bc01sc06i01"
ATTRS{numa_node}=="-1"
ATTRS{enable}=="1"
ATTRS{broken_parity_status}=="0"
ATTRS{msi_bus}==""
looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00':
KERNELS=="pci0000:00"
SUBSYSTEMS==""
DRIVERS==""
[root@test rules.d]# udevadm info -a -p /sys/block/sdb/sdb3
Udevadm info starts with the device specified by the devpath and then
walks up the chain of parent devices. It prints for every device
found, all possible attributes in the udev rules key format.
A rule to match, can be composed by the attributes of the device
and the attributes from one single parent device.
looking at device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:0d.0/host3/target3:0:0/3:0:0:0/block/sdb/sdb3':
KERNEL=="sdb3"
SUBSYSTEM=="block"
DRIVER==""
ATTR{partition}=="3"
ATTR{start}=="4241160"
ATTR{size}=="2120580"
ATTR{alignment_offset}=="0"
ATTR{discard_alignment}=="0"
ATTR{stat}==" 200 122 1288 255 0 0 0 0 0 250 255"
ATTR{inflight}==" 0 0"
looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:0d.0/host3/target3:0:0/3:0:0:0/block/sdb':
KERNELS=="sdb"
SUBSYSTEMS=="block"
DRIVERS==""
ATTRS{range}=="16"
ATTRS{ext_range}=="256"
ATTRS{removable}=="0"
ATTRS{ro}=="0"
ATTRS{size}=="10485760"
ATTRS{alignment_offset}=="0"
ATTRS{discard_alignment}=="0"
ATTRS{capability}=="52"
ATTRS{stat}==" 2082 4734 15818 2580 640 98980 99628 48250 0 2549 50830"
ATTRS{inflight}==" 0 0"
looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:0d.0/host3/target3:0:0/3:0:0:0':
KERNELS=="3:0:0:0"
SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi"
DRIVERS=="sd"
ATTRS{device_blocked}=="0"
ATTRS{type}=="0"
ATTRS{scsi_level}=="6"
ATTRS{vendor}=="ATA "
ATTRS{model}=="VBOX HARDDISK "
ATTRS{rev}=="1.0 "
ATTRS{state}=="running"
ATTRS{timeout}=="30"
ATTRS{iocounterbits}=="32"
ATTRS{iorequest_cnt}=="0xb10"
ATTRS{iodone_cnt}=="0xb0e"
ATTRS{ioerr_cnt}=="0xf"
ATTRS{modalias}=="scsi:t-0x00"
ATTRS{evt_media_change}=="0"
ATTRS{dh_state}=="detached"
ATTRS{queue_depth}=="31"
ATTRS{queue_ramp_up_period}=="120000"
ATTRS{queue_type}=="simple"
looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:0d.0/host3/target3:0:0':
KERNELS=="target3:0:0"
SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi"
DRIVERS==""
looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:0d.0/host3':
KERNELS=="host3"
SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi"
DRIVERS==""
looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:0d.0':
KERNELS=="0000:00:0d.0"
SUBSYSTEMS=="pci"
DRIVERS=="ahci"
ATTRS{vendor}=="0x8086"
ATTRS{device}=="0x2829"
ATTRS{subsystem_vendor}=="0x0000"
ATTRS{subsystem_device}=="0x0000"
ATTRS{class}=="0x010601"
ATTRS{irq}=="21"
ATTRS{local_cpus}=="1"
ATTRS{local_cpulist}=="0"
ATTRS{modalias}=="pci:v00008086d00002829sv00000000sd00000000bc01sc06i01"
ATTRS{numa_node}=="-1"
ATTRS{enable}=="1"
ATTRS{broken_parity_status}=="0"
ATTRS{msi_bus}==""
looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00':
KERNELS=="pci0000:00"
SUBSYSTEMS==""
DRIVERS==""
[root@test rules.d]# vim 99-oracle-asmdevices.rules
KERNEL=="sdb2", SUBSYSTEM=="block", ATTR{size}=="2120580", ATTR{start}=="2120580", OWNER="grid",NAME="asmdisk-data1", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sdb3", SUBSYSTEM=="block", ATTR{size}=="2120580", ATTR{start}=="4241160", OWNER="grid",NAME="asmdisk-data2", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
[root@test rules.d]# start_udev
Starting udev: [ OK ]
[root@test rules.d]# ll /dev/asm*
brw-rw----. 1 grid asmadmin 8, 18 Jul 20 15:57 /dev/asmdisk-data1
brw-rw----. 1 grid asmadmin 8, 19 Jul 20 15:57 /dev/asmdisk-data2
注意：从这里可以看到通过配置99-oracle-asmdevices.rules文件，创建出来的是块类型的设备
可以对比观察下面通过裸设备创建出来的设备类型
二、使用裸设备创建asm磁盘
新增加一块磁盘，并对其进行分区；
[root@seiang2 rules.d]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
e
Selected partition 4
First cylinder (249-652, default 249):
Using default value 249
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (249-652, default 652):
Using default value 652
Command (m for help): n
First cylinder (249-652, default 249):
Using default value 249
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (249-652, default 652): +1G
Command (m for help): n
First cylinder (372-652, default 372):
Using default value 372
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (372-652, default 652): +1G
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@seiang2 rules.d]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 16.1 GB, 16106127360 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1958 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 14 1958 15623212+ 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 123 987966 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 124 125 16065 83 Linux
/dev/sdb3 126 248 987997+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb4 249 652 3245130 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 249 371 987966 83 Linux
/dev/sdb6 372 494 987966 83 Linux
配置裸设备映射，修改/etc/udev/rules.d/60-raw.rules文件
[root@seiang2 rules.d]# vim 60-raw.rules
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="/dev/sdb5", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw5 %N"
ACTION=="add", ENV{MAJOR}=="8", ENV{MINOR}=="1", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw5 %M %m"
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="/dev/sdb6", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw6 %N"
ACTION=="add", ENV{MAJOR}=="8", ENV{MINOR}=="2", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw6 %M %m"
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="raw5", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="raw6", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
重启udev服务，并查询raw
[root@seiang2 rules.d]# start_udev
Starting udev: [ OK ]
[root@seiang2 rules.d]# raw -qa
/dev/raw/raw5: bound to major 8, minor 1
/dev/raw/raw6: bound to major 8, minor 2
[root@seiang2 rules.d]# ll /dev/raw*
crw------- 1 root root 162, 0 Jul 20 02:53 /dev/rawctl
/dev/raw:
total 0
crw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 162, 5 Jul 20 03:31 raw5
crw-rw---- 1 grid
asmadmin 162, 6 Jul 20 03:31 raw6
注意：从这里可以看到通过配置60-raw.rules文件，创建出来的是字符类型的设备
这样配置之后，裸设备文件会自动映射到相应的分区设备文件，并设置正确的用户和组。
裸设备介绍 (来自http://blog.itpub.net/26736162/viewspace-1401193/)
裸设备：也叫裸分区（原始分区），是一种没有经过格式化，不被Unix/Linux通过文件系统来读取的特殊字符设备。裸设备可以绑定一个分区，也可以绑定一个磁盘。
字符设备：对字符设备的读写不需要通过OS的buffer。它不可被文件系统mount。
块设备：对块设备的读写需要通过OS的buffer，它可以被mount到文件系统中。
这个与linux的版本相关，在旧版本中，最多只可以有256个裸设备，Linux 4下做多可以绑定81Array2个裸设备。但是在linux下，最多只能有255个分区，所以，如果用裸设备绑定分区，最多只能绑定255个裸设备。如果是用lvm，则没有这个限制。
Linux下单个磁盘最多可以有15个分区。3个主分区 + 1个扩展分区 + 11个逻辑分区。
建议的分区方法是：先分3个主分区，第四个分区为扩展分区，然后在扩展分区中再分成11个逻辑分区。
注意:裸设备不要绑定在扩展分区上。 linux下如果需要使用裸设备，则需要手工进行绑定，unix下则不用。
major和minor device number
在unix/linux系统中，一切都是文件。所有硬盘、键盘等设备都用文件来代表，对应着/dev下面的文件。对于应用程序来说，可以像对待普通文件一样打开，关闭、读写这些设备文件。但是这种文件名，比如/dev/sda、/dev /raw/raw1都是用户空间名称，OS Kernel根本不知道这个名称指的是什么。在内核空间是通过major、minor device
number 来区分设备的。
major device number可以看作是设备驱动程序，被同一设备驱动程序管理的设备有相同的major device
number。这个数字实际是Kernel中device driver
table 的索引，这个表保存着不同设备驱动程序。而minor device
number用来代表被访问的具体设备。也就是说Kernel根据major device
number 找到设备驱动程序，然后再从minor device
number 获得设备位置等属性。所有这些major device
number 是已经预先分配好的。比如裸设备是162，scsi块设备是8
Redhat平台对raw设备的配置在redhat 5之后有了变化。在redhat 5之前，直接配置/etc/sysconfig/rawdevices件，通过/etc/init.d/rawdevices来管理raw设备的启动和关闭。在Redhat 5之后，原来的raw设备接口已经取消了，redhat 5中通过udev规则进行配置。 要配置，需要编辑/etc/udev/rules.d/60-raw.rules这个文件。
cat /etc/udev/rules.d/60-raw.rules
# Enter raw device bindings here.
#
# An example would be:
# ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sda",
RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw1 %N"
# to bind /dev/raw/raw1 to /dev/sda, or
# ACTION=="add", ENV{MAJOR}=="8",
ENV{MINOR}=="1", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw2 %M %m"
# to bind /dev/raw/raw2 to the device with major 8, minor 1.
其中
ACTION=="add", KERNEL="", RUN+="raw /dev/raw/rawX
%N"
配置设备名称，用你需要绑定的设备名称替换 （如：/dev/sda1），X为裸设备号
主/次号码：
ACTION=="add", ENV{MAJOR}="A",
ENV{MINOR}="B", RUN+="raw /dev/raw/rawX %M %m"
"A" 和 "B" 是设备的主/次号码，X是系统使用的raw设备号码。
个人对redhat管理raw的过程理解为：在redhat 5中，是通过udev来管理raw设备的，而udev是通过 MAJOR和MINOR来识别 raw设备。故需要将设备号和裸设备号进行绑定，而主设备号和次设备号可以自行指定或者由系统自动分配。 根据red hat的官方文档中关于raw.rule的示例中说KERNEL==..或ENV{MAJOR}...只需要任意配置一个就可以，但有些网友经过试验，验证必须二者同时配置才可以。
如果有多个raw设备，可以写成：
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="raw[1-4]",
OWNER="dave", GROUP="tianlesoftware", MODE="0660"
注意：在内核2.6.9-89.5AXS2之前使用/etc/sysconfig/rawdevices和/etc/udev/permissions.d/50-udev.permissions进行raw设备的配置和权限管理。在内核 2.6.18-128.7AXS3以后则使用了本文介绍的 /etc/udev/rules.d/60-raw.rules进行raw设备的管理
使用裸设备作为Oracle的数据文件的注意事项
1、一个裸设备只能放置一个数据文件
2、数据文件的大小不能超过裸设备的大小
如果是日志文件，则裸设备最大可用大小=裸设备对应分区大小 - 1 * 512 （保留一个redo lock）
如果是数据文件，则裸设备最大可用大小=裸设备对应分区大小 - 2 *
db_block_size（保留两个block）
为了简单起见，对所有的文件设置称比裸设备小1M即可。
3、数据文件最好不要设置称自动扩展，如果设置称自动扩展，一定要把maxsize设置设置为比裸设备小
4、linux下oracle不能直接把逻辑卷作为裸设备，也要进行绑定。unix下就不需要。
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