nagios配置详解

前言:

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    文中未标明时,所有陪着之都是在nagios_server上的配置!


配置流程:


nagios.cfg-->hosts.cfg-->services.cfg-->command.cfg

  •  创建hosts.cfg文件来定义主机和主机组

  •  创建services.cfg文件来定义服务

  •  用默认的contacts.cfg文件来定义联系人和联系人组

  •  用默认的commands.cfg文件来定义命令

  •  用默认的timeperiods.cfg来定义监控时间段

  •  用默认的templates.cfg文件作为资源引用文件

/usr/local/nagios/etc/ 目录结构


[root@chboc etc]# tree /usr/local/nagios/etc

/usr/local/nagios/etc

|-- cgi.cfg

|-- htpasswd.users

|-- nagios.cfg

|-- nagios.cfg.bak

|-- nrpe.cfg

|-- objects

|   |-- commands.cfg

|   |-- contacts.cfg

|   |-- hosts.cfg      定义监控remote_hosts和remote_hosts_group

|   |-- hosts.cfg.bak

|   |-- localhost.cfg

|   |-- printer.cfg

|   |-- services.cfg    定义被动模式的监控服务,监控remote_linux的本地资源

|   |-- switch.cfg

|   |-- templates.cfg

|   |-- timeperiods.cfg

|   `-- windows.cfg

|-- resource.cfg

`-- services        定义主动模式的监控服务,监控remote_linux的对外提供的服务

    `-- web.cfg

注意!!创建hosts.cfg,services.cfg,services文件和目录时,修改他们的属主和属组!!

nagios.cfg


[root@chboc etc]# diff nagios.cfg nagios.cfg.bak 

34,35d33

< cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/services.cfg

< cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/hosts.cfg

38c36

< #cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/localhost.cfg

---

> cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/localhost.cfg

54c52

< cfg_dir=/usr/local/nagios/etc/services

---

> #cfg_dir=/usr/local/nagios/etc/servers

  1. 可简单理解为:nagios.cfg只是指定nagios启动时加载哪些目录和文件而已。

  2. 修改nagios.cfg主配置文件,添加services.cfg,hosts.cfg,使得nagios启动过程中自动加载hosts.cfg和services.cfg中的内容。

  3. nagios监控一般都是用来监控remote_linux上面的服务,所以在此将cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/localhost.cfg注释掉。

  4. nagios的监控模式简单分为主动模式被动模式(NRPE)

主动模式:一般用来监控web服务,数据库等这些对外提供服务的监控,如:httpd,MySQLd,sshd等

被动模式:一般用来监控本地资源,例如负载,内存,硬盘,虚拟内存,磁盘IO,温度,风扇等的监控      (我们也可以通过snmp实现监控部分系统资源)。

主动模式和被动模式是可以相互互换的,没有绝对性。


    

hosts.cfg


[root@chboc objects]# egrep -v "^$|^#" hosts.cfg

define host{

        use                     linux-server            

        host_name               lnmp

        alias                   198-lnmp

        address                 192.168.1.198

        }

define host{

        use                     linux-server            

        host_name               lamp

        alias                   199-lamp

        address                 192.168.1.199

        }

define hostgroup{

        hostgroup_name  linux-servers ; The name of the hostgroup

        alias           Linux Servers ; Long name of the group

        members         lnmp,lamp     ; Comma separated list of hosts that belong to this group

        }

  1. 定义所要监控的remote_linux,并将其分组。

  2. 生成hosts.cfg文件:

    head -51 localhost.cfg >hosts.cfg

    chown nagios.nagios /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/hosts.cfg


services.cfg -->command.cfg

       |  

       +--->nrpe.cfg(remote_linux)


[root@chboc objects]# egrep -v "^$|^#" services.cfg 

define service {

        use                             generic-service

        host_name                       lnmp

        service_description             Disk Partition

        check_command                   check_nrpe!check_disk

}

define service {

        use                             generic-service

        host_name                       lnmp

        service_description             load

        check_command                   check_nrpe!check_load

}

define service {

        use                             generic-service

        host_name                       lnmp

        service_description             mem

        check_command                   check_nrpe!check_mem

}

define service {

        use                             generic-service

        host_name                       lnmp

        service_description             swap

        check_command                   check_nrpe!check_swap

}

define service {

        use                             generic-service

        host_name                       lnmp

        service_description             iostat

        check_command                   check_nrpe!check_iostat

}

  1. services.cfg 我采用NRPE的被动模式,通过nagios_server主机上的check_nrpe插件,调用运行在renmote_linux上的NRPE daemon监控renmote_linux的本地资源。

  2. NRPE原理

  3. nagios配置详解

  4. NRPE 总共由两部分组成:

    check_nrpe 插件,位于监控主机上

    NRPE daemon,运行在远程的Linux主机上(通常就是被监控机)

  5. 按照上图,整个的监控过程如下:

  6. 当Nagios 需要监控某个远程Linux 主机的服务或者资源情况时:

    Nagios 会运行check_nrpe 这个插件,告诉它要检查什么;

    check_nrpe 插件会连接到远程的NRPE daemon,所用的方式是SSL;

    NRPE daemon 会运行相应的Nagios 插件来执行检查;

    NRPE daemon 将检查的结果返回给check_nrpe 插件,插件将其递交给nagios做处理。

  7. 注意:NRPE daemon 需要Nagios 插件安装在远程的Linux主机上,否则,daemon不能做任何的监控

command.cfg

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

[root@chboc objects]# tail -4 commands.cfg 

define command{

        command_name    check_nrpe

        command_line    $USER1$/check_nrpe -H $HOSTADDRESS$ -c $ARG1$

        }

nrpe.cfg(remote_linux)

------------------------------------------------------------------------log_facility=daemon

pid_file=/var/run/nrpe.pid

server_port=5666

nrpe_user=nagios

nrpe_group=nagios

allowed_hosts=127.0.0.1,192.168.1.201

 

dont_blame_nrpe=0

debug=0

command_timeout=60

connection_timeout=300

command[check_load]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_load -w 15,10,6 -c 30,25,20

command[check_mem]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_memory.pl -w 6% -c 3%

command[check_disk]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_disk -w 20% -c 8% -p /

command[check_swap]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_swap -w 20% -c 10%

command[check_iostat]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_iostat -w 6 -c 10

command[check_port_80]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_tcp -H localhost -p80



/usr/local/nagios/etc/server/web.cfg


[root@chboc etc]# egrep -v "^$|^#" services/web.cfg 

define service{

        use                          generic-service

        host_name                    lnmp

        service_description          blog_url

        check_command                check_http!-I 192.168.1.198

        max_check_attempts      3

        normal_check_interval   2

        retry_check_interval    1

        check_period            24x7

        notification_interval   30

        notification_period     24x7

        notification_options    w,u,c,r

        contact_groups          admins

        }

define service{

        use                          generic-service

        host_name                    lnmp

        service_description          blog_port80

        check_command                check_tcp!80

        max_check_attempts      3

        normal_check_interval   2

        retry_check_interval    1

        check_period            24x7

        notification_interval   30

        notification_period     24x7

        notification_options    w,u,c,r

        contact_groups          admins

        }

define service{

        use                          generic-service

        host_name                    lnmp

        service_description          mysqld_port3306

        check_command                check_tcp!3306

        max_check_attempts      3

        normal_check_interval   2

        retry_check_interval    1

        check_period            24x7

        notification_interval   30

        notification_period     24x7

        notification_options    w,u,c,r

        contact_groups          admins

        }

define service{

        use                          generic-service

        host_name                    lnmp

        service_description          blog_port_80_beidong

        check_command                check_nrpe!check_port_80

        max_check_attempts      3

        normal_check_interval   2

        retry_check_interval    1

        check_period            24x7

        notification_interval   30

        notification_period     24x7

        notification_options    w,u,c,r

        contact_groups          admins

        }

  1. 主动模式不需要调用check_nrpe插件,直接使用command.cfg里定义的命令即可!


检查配置文件


修改/etc/init.d/nagios启动文件,使其检测时显示详细内容。

    vim /etc/init.d/nagios +178

    checkconfig)

                    printf "Running configuration check..."

                    $NagiosBin -v $NagiosCfgFile > /dev/null 2>&1

                    if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then

                            echo " OK."

                    else

                            echo " CONFIG ERROR!  Check your Nagios     configuration."

                            exit 1

                    fi

例如:

我们将command.cfg定义的check_nrpe命令注释掉:

[root@chboc objects]# tail -4 commands.cfg 

#define command{

#        command_name    check_nrpe

#        command_line    $USER1$/check_nrpe -H $HOSTADDRESS$ -c $ARG1$

#        }

进行检测:

[root@chboc objects]# /etc/init.d/nagios checkconfig

Running configuration check...

Nagios Core 3.5.1

Copyright (c) 2009-2011 Nagios Core Development Team and Community Contributors

Copyright (c) 1999-2009 Ethan Galstad

Last Modified: 08-30-2013

License: GPL

Website: http://www.nagios.org

Reading configuration data...

   Read main config file okay...

Processing object config file '/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/commands.cfg'...

Processing object config file '/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/contacts.cfg'...

Processing object config file '/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/timeperiods.cfg'...

Processing object config file '/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/templates.cfg'...

Processing object config file '/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/services.cfg'...

Processing object config file '/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/hosts.cfg'...

Processing object config directory '/usr/local/nagios/etc/services'...

Processing object config file '/usr/local/nagios/etc/services/web.cfg'...

   Read object config files okay...

Running pre-flight check on configuration data...

Checking services...

Error: Service check command 'check_nrpe' specified in service 'Disk Partition' for host 'lnmp' not defined anywhere!

Error: Service check command 'check_nrpe' specified in service 'blog_port_80_beidong' for host 'lnmp' not defined anywhere!

Error: Service check command 'check_nrpe' specified in service 'iostat' for host 'lnmp' not defined anywhere!

Error: Service check command 'check_nrpe' specified in service 'load' for host 'lnmp' not defined anywhere!

Error: Service check command 'check_nrpe' specified in service 'mem' for host 'lnmp' not defined anywhere!

Error: Service check command 'check_nrpe' specified in service 'swap' for host 'lnmp' not defined anywhere!

        Checked 9 services.

Checking hosts...

Warning: Host 'lamp' has no services associated with it!

        Checked 2 hosts.

Checking host groups...

        Checked 1 host groups.

Checking service groups...

        Checked 0 service groups.

Checking contacts...

        Checked 1 contacts.

Checking contact groups...

        Checked 1 contact groups.

Checking service escalations...

        Checked 0 service escalations.

Checking service dependencies...

        Checked 0 service dependencies.

Checking host escalations...

        Checked 0 host escalations.

Checking host dependencies...

        Checked 0 host dependencies.

Checking commands...

        Checked 24 commands.

Checking time periods...

        Checked 5 time periods.

Checking for circular paths between hosts...

Checking for circular host and service dependencies...

Checking global event handlers...

Checking obsessive compulsive processor commands...

Checking misc settings...

Total Warnings: 1

Total Errors:   6

***> One or more problems was encountered while running the pre-flight check...

     Check your configuration file(s) to ensure that they contain valid

     directives and data defintions.  If you are upgrading from a previous

     version of Nagios, you should be aware that some variables/definitions

     may have been removed or modified in this version.  Make sure to read

     the HTML documentation regarding the config files, as well as the

     'Whats New' section to find out what has changed.

 CONFIG ERROR!  Check your Nagios configuration.

在command.cfg添加check_nrpe命令的定义并检测:

[root@chboc objects]# /etc/init.d/nagios checkconfig

Running configuration check...

Nagios Core 3.5.1

Copyright (c) 2009-2011 Nagios Core Development Team and Community Contributors

Copyright (c) 1999-2009 Ethan Galstad

Last Modified: 08-30-2013

License: GPL

Website: http://www.nagios.org

Reading configuration data...

   Read main config file okay...

Processing object config file '/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/commands.cfg'...

Processing object config file '/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/contacts.cfg'...

Processing object config file '/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/timeperiods.cfg'...

Processing object config file '/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/templates.cfg'...

Processing object config file '/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/services.cfg'...

Processing object config file '/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/hosts.cfg'...

Processing object config directory '/usr/local/nagios/etc/services'...

Processing object config file '/usr/local/nagios/etc/services/web.cfg'...

   Read object config files okay...

Running pre-flight check on configuration data...

Checking services...

        Checked 10 services.

Checking hosts...

        Checked 2 hosts.

Checking host groups...

        Checked 1 host groups.

Checking service groups...

        Checked 0 service groups.

Checking contacts...

        Checked 1 contacts.

Checking contact groups...

        Checked 1 contact groups.

Checking service escalations...

        Checked 0 service escalations.

Checking service dependencies...

        Checked 0 service dependencies.

Checking host escalations...

        Checked 0 host escalations.

Checking host dependencies...

        Checked 0 host dependencies.

Checking commands...

        Checked 25 commands.

Checking time periods...

        Checked 5 time periods.

Checking for circular paths between hosts...

Checking for circular host and service dependencies...

Checking global event handlers...

Checking obsessive compulsive processor commands...

Checking misc settings...

Total Warnings: 0

Total Errors:   0

Things look okay - No serious problems were detected during the pre-flight check

 OK.

  1. 我们可以注意到检测的都是nagios.cfg中指定的文件。




/usr/local/nagios/libexex/


    nagios_server对remote_linux的监控主要是通过/usr/local/nagios/libexex/下的脚本进行的。因此测试的时候可以先以此作为测试,这个是第一步,这个不ok,那肯定不会有监控结果的。

  1. 被动模式:

    [root@chboc libexec]# ./check_nrpe -H 192.168.1.198 -c check_port_80

    TCP OK - 0.000 second response time on port 80|time=0.000166s;;;0.000000;10.000000

    [root@chboc libexec]# ./check_nrpe -H 192.168.1.198 -c check_load  

    OK - load average: 0.05, 0.01, 0.00|load1=0.050;15.000;30.000;0; load5=0.010;10.000;25.000;0; load15=0.000;6.000;20.000;0; 

    [root@chboc libexec]# ./check_nrpe -H 192.168.1.198 -c check_iostat

    IOSTAT OK - user 0.04 nice 0.00 sys 0.19 iowait 0.18 idle 0.00  | iowait=0.18%;; idle=0.00%;; user=0.04%;; nice=0.00%;; sys=0.19%;;

    [root@chboc libexec]# ./check_nrpe -H 192.168.1.198 -c check_disk  

    DISK OK - free space: / 4702 MB (57% inode=81%);| /=3437MB;6860;7889;0;8575

    [root@chboc libexec]# ./check_nrpe -H 192.168.1.198 -c check_mem 

    CHECK_MEMORY OK - 847M free | free=888504320b;62198906.88:;31099453.44:

    [root@chboc libexec]# ./check_nrpe -H 192.168.1.198 -c check_swap

    SWAP OK - 100% free (1023 MB out of 1023 MB) |swap=1023MB;204;102;0;1023

  2. 主动模式

    [root@chboc libexec]# ./check_tcp -H 192.168.1.198 -p3306                

    TCP OK - 0.000 second response time on port 3306|time=0.000478s;;;0.000000;10.000000

注解:

    可以通过 --help查看脚本使用方法。

[root@chboc libexec]# ./check_http --help

......

Usage:

 check_http -H | -I [-u ] [-p ]

       [-w ] [-c ] [-t ] [-L] [-a auth]

       [-b proxy_auth] [-f ]

       [-e ] [-s string] [-l] [-r | -R ]

       [-P string] [-m :] [-4|-6] [-N] [-M ]

       [-A string] [-k string] [-S ] [--sni] [-C [,]]

       [-T ] [-j method]

NOTE: One or both of -H and -I must be specified

Options:

 -h, --help

    Print detailed help screen

 -V, --version

    Print version information

 -H, --hostname=ADDRESS

    Host name argument for servers using host headers (virtual host)

    Append a port to include it in the header (eg: example.com:5000)

 -I, --IP-address=ADDRESS

    IP address or name (use numeric address if possible to bypass DNS lookup).

 -p, --port=INTEGER

    Port number (default: 80)

 -4, --use-ipv4

    Use IPv4 connection

 -6, --use-ipv6

    Use IPv6 connection

 -S, --ssl=VERSION

    Connect via SSL. Port defaults to 443. VERSION is optional, and prevents

    auto-negotiation (1 = TLSv1, 2 = SSLv2, 3 = SSLv3).

 --sni

    Enable SSL/TLS hostname extension support (SNI)

 -C, --certificate=INTEGER

    Minimum number of days a certificate has to be valid. Port defaults to 443

    (when this option is used the URL is not checked.)

 -e, --expect=STRING

    Comma-delimited list of strings, at least one of them is expected in

    the first (status) line of the server response (default: HTTP/1.)

    If specified skips all other status line logic (ex: 3xx, 4xx, 5xx processing)

 -s, --string=STRING

    String to expect in the content

 -u, --url=PATH

    URL to GET or POST (default: /)

 -P, --post=STRING

    URL encoded http POST data

 -j, --method=STRING  (for example: HEAD, OPTIONS, TRACE, PUT, DELETE)

    Set HTTP method.

 -N, --no-body

    Don't wait for document body: stop reading after headers.

    (Note that this still does an HTTP GET or POST, not a HEAD.)

 -M, --max-age=SECONDS

    Warn if document is more than SECONDS old. the number can also be of

    the form "10m" for minutes, "10h" for hours, or "10d" for days.

 -T, --content-type=STRING

    specify Content-Type header media type when POSTing

 -l, --linespan

    Allow regex to span newlines (must precede -r or -R)

 -r, --regex, --ereg=STRING

    Search page for regex STRING

 -R, --eregi=STRING

    Search page for case-insensitive regex STRING

 --invert-regex

    Return CRITICAL if found, OK if not

 -a, --authorization=AUTH_PAIR

    Username:password on sites with basic authentication

 -b, --proxy-authorization=AUTH_PAIR

    Username:password on proxy-servers with basic authentication

 -A, --useragent=STRING

    String to be sent in http header as "User Agent"

 -k, --header=STRING

    Any other tags to be sent in http header. Use multiple times for additional headers

 -L, --link

    Wrap output in HTML link (obsoleted by urlize)

 -f, --onredirect=

    How to handle redirected pages. sticky is like follow but stick to the

    specified IP address. stickyport also ensures port stays the same.

 -m, --pagesize=INTEGER<:INTEGER>

    Minimum page size required (bytes) : Maximum page size required (bytes)

 -w, --warning=DOUBLE

    Response time to result in warning status (seconds)

 -c, --critical=DOUBLE

    Response time to result in critical status (seconds)

 -t, --timeout=INTEGER

    Seconds before connection times out (default: 10)

 -v, --verbose

    Show details for command-line debugging (Nagios may truncate output)

......

Examples:

 CHECK CONTENT: check_http -w 5 -c 10 --ssl -H www.verisign.com

 



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