关系型数据库之MySQL基于SSL主从复制及SSL远程访问
当MySQL跨越互联网进行复制时别人可以窃取到mysql的复制信息，这些信息是明文的，因此存在不安全性，这里通过ssl对复制的信息进行加密。
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准备环境:
1.系统环境：Centos6.5
2.数据库版本：5.5.36-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server
3.Host:
Master主机: master.samlee.com 172.16.100.7
Slave主机: slave.samlee.com 172.16.100.8
Public主机: public.samlee.com 172.16.100.9
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实现过程如下:
Public主机上操作：
1.创建证书中心:
--在public主机上创建证书中心 # cd /etc/pki/CA/ --生成私钥 # (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out /etc/pki/CA/private/cakey.pem 2048)
生成自签证书,由于需要输入大量用户信息，因此编辑证书的配置文件，在私有的CA上创建证书要注意所有的用户信息要和CA中的一致，从国家到部门都要相同，否则会造成证书无法使用。
--根据实验要求修改配置文件如下: # vim /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf [ req_distinguished_name ] countryName_default = CN stateOrProvinceName_default = GUANGDONG localityName_default = GUANGZHOU 0.organizationName_default = JUST.LTD organizationalUnitName_default = IT
生成自签证书--以CAserver的身份自建CA证书
# openssl req -new -x509 -key /etc/pki/CA/private/cakey.pem -out /etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem -days 3650 Country Name (2 letter code) [CN]: State or Province Name (full name) [GUANGDONG]: Locality Name (eg, city) [GUANGZHOU]: Organization Name (eg, company) [JUST.LTD]: Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) [IT]: Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:public.samlee.com
创建证书编号
# touch {index.txt,serial}
# echo 01 > serial给Master服务器生成key、证书请求、证书:
--创建私钥 # cd /etc/pki/CA/ # (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out master.key 2048) --生成证书申请 # openssl req -new -key master.key -out master.csr Country Name (2 letter code) [CN]: State or Province Name (full name) [GUANGDONG]: Locality Name (eg, city) [GUANGZHOU]: Organization Name (eg, company) [JUST.LTD]: Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) [IT]: Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:master.samlee.com --在证书服务器上对master的证书进行签发 # openssl ca -in master.csr -out master.crt -days 3650 Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf Check that the request matches the signature Signature ok Certificate Details: Serial Number: 1 (0x1) Validity Not Before: Jun 23 00:09:31 2016 GMT Not After : Jun 21 00:09:31 2026 GMT Subject: countryName = CN stateOrProvinceName = GUANGDONG organizationName = JUST.LTD organizationalUnitName = IT commonName = master.samlee.com Data Base Updated --看到此项出现说明证书签发成功了
给Slave服务器生成key、证书请求、证书:
--创建私钥 # cd /etc/pki/CA/ # (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out slave.key 2048) --生成证书申请 # openssl req -new -key slave.key -out slave.csr Country Name (2 letter code) [CN]: State or Province Name (full name) [GUANGDONG]: Locality Name (eg, city) [GUANGZHOU]: Organization Name (eg, company) [JUST.LTD]: Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) [IT]: Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:slave.samlee.com --在证书服务器上对master的证书进行签发 # openssl ca -in slave.csr -out slave.crt -days 3650 Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf Check that the request matches the signature Signature ok Certificate Details: Serial Number: 2 (0x2) Validity Not Before: Jun 23 00:18:21 2016 GMT Not After : Jun 21 00:18:21 2026 GMT Subject: countryName = CN stateOrProvinceName = GUANGDONG organizationName = JUST.LTD organizationalUnitName = IT commonName = slave.samlee.com Data Base Updated --看到此项出现说明证书签发成功了
Master与Slavr主机上操作：
2.在Master主机和Slave主机上安装MariaDB
使用软件安装包为mariadb-5.5.36-linux-x86_64.tar.gz，上传至root目录下，安装配置Mairadb，并设置mydata目录为数据和日志存放目录；以下步骤在node1和node2上一致
# cd /root
# tar -xzf mariadb-5.5.36-linux-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
# ln -sv mariadb-5.5.36-linux-x86_64 mysql
# groupadd=mysql
# useradd=mysql -g mysql
# mkdir /mydata/{data,binlog,relaylog} -pv
# chown -R mysql.mysql /mydata/*
# mkdir /etc/mysql
# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf
修改/etc/mysql/my.cnf
# vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf 最后一行增加以下语句
datadir=/mydata
# chown -R mysql.mysql /etc/mysql/*
# echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
# source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
# mkdir /var/lib/mysql/
# chown -R mysql.mysql /var/lib/mysql/
# cd /usr/local/mysql
# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/mydata/data
# service mysqld restartMaster主机上操作：
3.配置Master主机为主节点(主服务器)
--创建二进制日志存储目录及目录权限授予 # mkdir -pv /mydata/binglogs # chown -R mysql.mysql /mydata/binglogs --配置my.cnf设置Master为主节点 server-id = 1 log-bin=/mydata/binglogs/master-binlog
Slave主机上操作：
4.配置Slave主机为从节点(从服务器)
--创建中继日志存储目录及目录权限授予 # mkdir -pv /mydata/relaylogs # chown -R mysql.mysql /mydata/relaylogs --配置my.cnf设置Master为主节点 server-id = 11 relay-log=/mydata/relaylogs/relay-bin
Master主机上操作：
创建拥有复制权限的用户
--在Master创建拥有复制权限的用户,支持SSL认证，新建一个用户repluser@'172.16.100.%'，密码replpass，并授权所有访问权限 MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE,REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'repluser'@'172.16.%.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'replpass' REQUIRE ssl; MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES; MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW MASTER STATUS; +----------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +----------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | master-binlog.000001 | 684 | | | +----------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
5.配置Master主机与Slave主机支持SSL认证
Master主机上操作：
配置Master主机支持SSL认证:
--创建文件夹用于存放ca证书和Master自己的key+证书 # mkdir /etc/mysql/ssl --从Public主机获取CA证书及自己的证书 # scp root@172.16.100.9:/etc/pki/CA/private/cakey.pem /etc/mysql/ssl/ # scp root@172.16.100.9:/etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem /etc/mysql/ssl/ # scp root@172.16.100.9:/etc/pki/CA/master.key /etc/mysql/ssl/ # scp root@172.16.100.9:/etc/pki/CA/master.crt /etc/mysql/ssl/ # chown -R mysql.mysql /etc/mysql/ssl --修改mysql的配置文件，使mysql支持ssl模式 # vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf ssl 开启SSL功能 ssl-ca = /etc/mysql/ssl/cacert.pem 指定CA文件位置 ssl-cert = /etc/mysql/ssl/master.crt 指定证书文件位置 ssl-key = /etc/mysql/ssl/master.key 指定密钥所在位置 --重启mysql服务 # service mysqld restart --查询SSL相关变量是否启动 mysql > SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE '%ssl%'; +---------------+---------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+---------------------------+ | have_openssl | YES | | have_ssl | YES | | ssl_ca | /etc/mysql/ssl/cakey.pem | | ssl_capath | | | ssl_cert | /etc/mysql/ssl/master.crt | | ssl_cipher | | | ssl_key | /etc/mysql/ssl/master.key | +---------------+---------------------------+
Slave主机上操作：
配置Slave主机支持SSL认证:
--创建文件夹用于存放ca证书和Master自己的key+证书 # mkdir /etc/mysql/ssl --从Public主机获取CA证书及自己的证书 # scp root@172.16.100.9:/etc/pki/CA/private/cakey.pem /etc/mysql/ssl/ # scp root@172.16.100.9:/etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem /etc/mysql/ssl/ # scp root@172.16.100.9:/etc/pki/CA/slave.key /etc/mysql/ssl/ # scp root@172.16.100.9:/etc/pki/CA/slave.crt /etc/mysql/ssl/ # chown -R mysql.mysql /etc/mysql/ssl --修改mysql的配置文件，使mysql支持ssl模式 # vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf ssl 开启SSL功能 ssl-ca = /etc/mysql/ssl/cacert.pem 指定CA文件位置 ssl-cert = /etc/mysql/ssl/slave.crt 指定证书文件位置 ssl-key = /etc/mysql/ssl/slave.key 指定密钥所在位置 --重启mysql服务 # service mysqld restart --查询SSL相关变量是否启动 mysql > SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%ssl%'; +---------------+--------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+--------------------------+ | have_openssl | YES | | have_ssl | YES | | ssl_ca | /etc/mysql/ssl/cakey.pem | | ssl_capath | | | ssl_cert | /etc/mysql/ssl/slave.crt | | ssl_cipher | | | ssl_key | /etc/mysql/ssl/slave.key | +---------------+--------------------------+
6.Slave通过SSL远程连接访问Master主服务器
# mysql -urepluser -preplpass -h272.16.100.7 --ssl-ca=/etc/mysql/ssl/cacert.pem --ssl-cert=/etc/mysql/ssl/slave.crt --ssl-key=/etc/mysql/ssl/slave.key
7.Slave以ssl的方式连接数据库，并设置支持主从复制默认
mysql > CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='172.16.100.7',MASTER_USER='repluser',MASTER_PASSWORD='replpass',master_ssl=1,master_ssl_ca='/etc/mysql/ssl/cacert.pem',master_ssl_cert='/etc/mysql/ssl/slave.crt',master_ssl_key='/etc/mysql/ssl/slave.key',MASTER_LOG_FILE='master-binlog.000005',MASTER_LOG_POS=245; > SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 172.16.100.7 Master_User: repluser Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: master-binlog.000005 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 245 Relay_Log_File: relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 533 Relay_Master_Log_File: master-binlog.000005 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 245 Relay_Log_Space: 821 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: Yes Master_SSL_CA_File: /etc/mysql/ssl/cacert.pem Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: /etc/mysql/ssl/slave.crt Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: /etc/mysql/ssl/slave.key Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 1
8.Windows下通过“Navicat for MySQL”以ssl的方式连接访问数据库Master主节点服务器
将node1/etc/mysql/ssl下的几个文件存放到windows上，此处我放到我的H盘下ssl目录
注意，在ssl里选择证书和key的时候，需要先点击“使用验证”，等选择完毕后再勾除“使用验证”
配置如下所示:
名称栏目：关系型数据库之MySQL基于SSL主从复制及SSL远程访问
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