C++开发之实现操作符重载的实例
C++操作符重载
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实现效果图:
实例代码:
Matrix.h
#pragma once #include "vector" #include "iostream" #define rep(i,n) for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) //宏定义for循环,精简代码 using namespace std; class Matrix { public: //基本构造函数 Matrix(int Row=0, int Column=0); //拷贝构造函数或者复制构造函数 Matrix(const Matrix& matrix); //赋值操作符重载,必须为成员函数,不然会报错 Matrix& operator=(const Matrix& matrix); //复合赋值操作符重载,建议重载为成员函数 Matrix& operator+=(const Matrix& matrix); Matrix& operator*=(const Matrix& matrix); Matrix& operator*=(const float& number); Matrix& operator*=(const int& number); Matrix& operator-=(const Matrix& matrix); Matrix& operator/=(const float& number); float& operator[](const size_t& index); Matrix& operator++();//前缀式自增 Matrix& operator--();//前缀式自减 Matrix operator++(int); //后缀式自增 Matrix operator--(int); //后缀式自减 //算术和关系操作符一般为非成员函数,声明为友元 friend Matrix operator+(const Matrix& matrix1, const Matrix& matrix2); friend Matrix operator-(const Matrix& matrix1, const Matrix& matrix2); friend Matrix operator*(const Matrix& matrix1, const Matrix& matrix2); friend Matrix operator*(const Matrix& matrix1, const float& number); friend Matrix operator*(const Matrix& matrix1, const int& number); friend bool operator==(const Matrix& matrix1, const Matrix& matrix2); friend bool operator!=(const Matrix& matrix1, const Matrix& matrix2); //输出操作符<<的重载,必须声明为友元 friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Matrix&object); //输入操作符>>重载,必须声明为友元 friend istream& operator >>(istream& in,Matrix&object); void Display(); ~Matrix(); public: int Row; int Column; vector> data; //二维vector,用于存放矩阵类数据 };
Matrix.cpp
#include "stdafx.h" #include "Matrix.h" #include "iomanip" //构造函数 Matrix::Matrix(int Row/* =0 */, int Column/* =0 */){ this->Row = Row; this->Column = Column; data.resize(Row + 1); //申请行数为row+1,0号位不用 rep(i, Row) data[i].resize(Column + 1); //申请各行的列数 rep(i, Row) rep(j, Column) data[i][j] = 0; //每个元素初始化为0,方便后面计算 } //打印函数 void Matrix::Display(){ rep(i, Row) { rep(j, Column) cout << setw(8) << data[i][j] << ' '; cout <>(istream& in, Matrix&object){ rep(i, object.Row) rep(j, object.Column) in >> object.data[i][j]; return in; }
main.c
#include "iostream" #include "Matrix.h" using namespace std; int main(){ int row1, row2, col1, col2; cout << "请输入第一个矩阵的行和列:\n"; cin >> row1 >> col1; Matrix m1(row1, col1); cout << "请输入" << row1 << '*' << col1 << "个数:\n"; cin >> m1; cout << "输出矩阵的值:\n"; cout << m1; cout << "请输入第二个矩阵的行和列:\n"; cin >> row2 >> col2; Matrix m2(row2, col2); cout << "请输入" << row2 << '*' << col2 << "个数:\n "; cin >> m2; cout << "输出矩阵的值:\n"; cout << m2; if (col1 != row2) cout << "这两个矩阵无法相乘\n"; else { cout << "判断矩阵m1与m2是否相等:\n"; if (m1==m2) { cout << "m1和m2相等:\n"; } else { cout << "m1和m2不相等:\n"; } cout << "m1拷贝构造m3矩阵结果输出:\n"; Matrix m3(m1); cout << m3; cout << "m1赋值重载m4矩阵结果输出:\n"; Matrix m4(m1.Row,m1.Column); m4 = m1; cout << m4; cout << "m1*m2矩阵相乘输出m5:\n"; Matrix m5(m1.Row, m2.Column); m5 = m1*m2; cout << m5; cout << "矩阵m1*2输出m6:\n"; Matrix m6(m1.Row, m1.Column); m6 = m1*2; cout << m6; cout << "矩阵m1*0.5输出m7:\n"; Matrix m7(m1.Row, m1.Column); m7 = m1 * 0.5; cout << m7; cout << "m1*m2矩阵相乘输出m1:\n"; m1 *= m2; cout << m1; cout << "m1矩阵前自增输出\n"; cout << ++m1; cout << "m1矩阵后自增输出\n"; cout << m1++; cout << "m1矩阵输出\n"; cout << m1; cout << "m1矩阵前自减输出\n"; cout << --m1; cout << "m1矩阵后自减输出\n"; cout << m1--; cout << "m1矩阵输出\n"; cout << m1; } return 0; }
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